Two-dimensional atom localization and formation of waveguide channels using Bragg diffraction law

Abstract

Atoms of four-level atomic medium are doped in a crystal slab of silica which is immersed in a four-level atomic medium. We incorporated Bragg law in the Rabi frequencies of driving fields and obtained absorption spectrum which exhibits atom localization inside the crystal plane and generation of waveguide channels. Varying the Bragg angle θ leads to several localized peaks and craters. The number of peaks decreases as we increase the Bragg angle "θ" from " π⁄8" to "π∕2" and the peaks disappear beyond this angle. The localization probability is independent of the Bragg angle, while the spatial resolution varies with change in Bragg angle. However, the probe detuning and amplitudes of Rabi frequencies change the localization probability. Inside the optical lattice of the silica crystal, waveguide channels and particle traps are generated which may be utilized to guide electromagnetic radiations and trap quantum particles. This work is useful for coherent control information of crystal planes, optical trapping, waveguide channels of nano-crystals and data storage.