Two-dimensional distributions of C2, CH, and OH in a diamond depositing oxyacetylene flame measured by laser induced fluorescence

Klein-Douwel, Rjh Robert; Spaanjaars, J.J.L.; Meulen, JJ ter

doi:10.1063/1.360186

Cited by 48 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…47.5:52.5ϭ0.90. 16 Experimentally, good diamond growth is obtained at an the excess acetylene of approximately S ac ϭ5%, corresponding to a feed gas composition of 48.72:51.28ϭ0.95 molar ratio of acetylene and oxygen. This value has been used in our simulations.…”

Section: A Reactor Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13, which we have subsequently combined with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for laminar oxyacetylene flames. 14 These models were validated against experimental data [15][16][17][18] on growth rates and concentration profiles of gas phase intermediates C, CH, and H, as a function of flame-tip-to-substrate distance and substrate temperature. Our combined chemistry and hydrodynamic models were found to provide valuable insights in various important underlying mechanisms of oxyacetylene combustion CVD of diamond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of nitrogen on diamond growth in oxyacetylene combustion chemical vapor deposition

Croon

Kleijn

Marin

et al. 2002

Journal of Applied Physics

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Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Addition of di-nitrogen to the feed gas has been shown to greatly influence growth rates and morphology of the deposited layer in various diamond chemical vapor deposition ͑CVD͒ techniques. In this article, several hypotheses for these phenomena, as presented in literature, are tested for the case of diamond combustion CVD with the aid of an atmospheric pressure oxyacetylene flame. For this purpose, one-dimensional and two-dimensional simulations are performed of the hydrodynamics, the combustion and deposition chemistry, and the nitrogen chemistry. Based on the simulation results, several proposed hypotheses can be ruled out as possible explanations for the observed phenomena. It is concluded, that the most likely hypotheses are: ͑i͒ the presence of nitrogen atoms in the diamond lattice, enhancing diamond growth by acting on the electron structure of surface dimer bonds, and ͑ii͒ selective adsorption of nitrogen-containing species on the surface, selectively increasing growth in the ͑100͒ direction. It is found that possible gas phase candidates for affecting diamond growth are NH, NH 2 , NH 3 , CN, HCN, H 2 CN, and NCO.

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Section: A Reactor Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nitrogen on diamond growth in oxyacetylene combustion chemical vapor deposition

Croon

Kleijn

Marin

et al. 2002

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The total flow was kept at 5.4 slm, 19 which corresponds to a mean velocity of ͗v͘ϭ64 m/s. The composition of the feed gas is based on the composition of a neutral oxy-acetylene flame, which in practice is a 47.5:52.5ϭ0.9 molar ratio of acetylene and oxygen.…”

Section: ͑2͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of the feed gas is based on the composition of a neutral oxy-acetylene flame, which in practice is a 47.5:52.5ϭ0.9 molar ratio of acetylene and oxygen. 19 The excess acetylene is defined as the fraction of acetylene that is fed in excess to that of a neutral flame. Thus, a 5% excess of acetylene ͑Sacϭ5%͒ corresponds to a feed gas composition of 48.72:51.28ϭ0.95 molar ratio of acetylene and oxygen.…”

Section: ͑2͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-dimensional simulation of an oxy-acetylene torch diamond reactor with a detailed gas-phase and surface mechanism

Kleijn

Akker

Croon

et al. 2000

Journal of Applied Physics

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Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):Okkerse, M., Kleijn, C. R., van den Akker, H. E. A., Croon, de, M. H. J. M., & Marin, G. B. M. M. (2000). Twodimensional simulation of an oxy-acetylene torch diamond reactor with a detailed gas-phase and surface mechanism. Journal of Applied Physics, 88(7), 4417-4428. DOI: 10.1063/1.1309052 General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. A two-dimensional model is presented for the hydrodynamics and chemistry of an oxy-acetylene torch reactor for chemical vapor deposition of diamond, and it is validated against spectroscopy and growth rate data from the literature. The model combines the laminar equations for flow, heat, and mass transfer with combustion and deposition chemistries, and includes multicomponent diffusion and thermodiffusion. A two-step solution approach is used. In the first step, a lumped chemistry model is used to calculate the flame shape, temperatures and hydrodynamics. In the second step, a detailed, 27 species / 119 elementary reactions gas phase chemistry model and a 41 species / 67 elementary reactions surface chemistry model are used to calculate radicals and intermediates concentrations in the gas phase and at the surface, as well as growth rates. Important experimental trends are predicted correctly, but there are some discrepancies. The main problem lies in the use of the Miller-Melius hydrocarbon combustion mechanism for rich oxy-acetylene flames. ͓J. A. Miller and C. F. Melius, Combustion and Flame 91, 21 ͑1992͔͒. Despite this problem, some aspects of the diamo...

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Laser and Probe Diagnostics in Fundamental Combustion Research

Kohse‐Höinghaus

1999

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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Combustion diagnostics using lasers has matured considerably during the last decade. By now, lasers are routinely relied upon in many practical applications where direct inspection of the combustion process is necessary. Quantitative information, however, may still be a major challenge. In this article, some essential features of laser techniques for fundamental combustion research are discussed in view of their potential and limitations. Laser methods are complemented by molecular beam mass spectrometry. Applications include diagnostics in laminar and turbulent diffusion flames, in fuel-rich and sooting flames, and in combustion chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of thin diamond films. Avenues for further research will be discussed. 30 pm 30 pm Fig. 9. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of two diamond films deposited on molybdenum substrates in an atmospheric pressure acetylene/oxygen torch with and without N,O added (acetylene flow 1.5 slm, oxygen flow 1.75 slm, acetone/acetylene ratio 0.02, deposition time: 45 min). (a) without N,O; (b) upon addition of 58 ppm NZO to the fresh gas flow. Note the increase in crystal size, typically by a factor of 3, with N,O added. Israel Journal of Chemistry 39 I999

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Two-dimensional distributions of C2, CH, and OH in a diamond depositing oxyacetylene flame measured by laser induced fluorescence

Cited by 48 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of nitrogen on diamond growth in oxyacetylene combustion chemical vapor deposition

Influence of nitrogen on diamond growth in oxyacetylene combustion chemical vapor deposition

Two-dimensional simulation of an oxy-acetylene torch diamond reactor with a detailed gas-phase and surface mechanism

Laser and Probe Diagnostics in Fundamental Combustion Research

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