Two filamentous microalgae as feed ingredients improved flesh quality and enhanced antioxidant capacity and immunity of the gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

Abstract

A 40‐day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two filamentous microalgae as feed ingredients on growth performance, tissue fatty acid profiles, pigmentation and immunity of gibel carp (204.83 ± 2.17 g, mean ± SD). Three diets (control, Oedocladium sp. and Tribonema sp.) were formulated. In the control diet, no microalgal meal was added and into the Oedocladium and Tribonema diets were added 40 g/kg Oedocladium sp. meal and 50 g/kg Tribonema sp. meal, respectively. Compared to the control, the addition of Oedocladium sp. and Tribonema sp. had significant effects on tissue fatty acid profiles, antioxidant capacity and immunity without compromising growth, body composition and pigmentation. The addition of Tribonema sp. and Oedocladium sp. significantly increased the EPA, DHA profiles and the ratio of n‐3/n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and simultaneously decreased the n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids profile in fish muscles. Moreover, addition of Tribonema sp. to the diet significantly increased muscle palmitoleic profile and EPA + DHA contents. Furthermore, the addition of either microalga significantly increased the total superoxide dismutase activity level and the complement 3 and immunoglobulin M contents in the plasma. These results demonstrate that Oedocladium sp. and Tribonema sp. can be used as feed ingredients to improve flesh quality and increase the immunity of fish.

Effect of dietary supplementation with filamentous microalga Tribonema ultriculosum on growth performance, fillet quality and immunity of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

“…utriculosum meal increased the ratio of n‐3 to n‐6 PUFAs in fillet. Chen et al, (2019) also found that dietary supplementation of Tribonema meal increased the ratio of n‐3 to n‐6 PUFAs in gibel carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ). These results demonstrate that T .…”

Effects of dietary supplementation with filamentous microalgae (Oedocladium sp. or Tribonema ultriculosum) on growth performance, fillet fatty acid composition, skin pigmentation, and immune response of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

“…Similar results have been observed in kuruma prawn ( Marsupenaeus japonicus ) fed with the diet containing H. pluvialis (Chien & Shiau, 2005), Chinese horseshoe crabs ( Tachypleus tridentatus ) fed with the diet containing Spirulina platensis (Kwan, Chan, Cheung, & Shin, 2017), black tiger prawn ( Penaeus monodon ) fed with the diet containing Chlorella vulgaris (Li, Xiao, Mangott, Kent, & Pirozzi, 2016), and gibel carp fed with the diet containing 4% Oedocladium sp. or 5% T. utriculosum meal (Chen et al, 2019).…”

“…The source and biochemical composition of the microalgae used in this study were described in an earlier work of Chen et al (2019). Briefly, the Oedocladium sp.…”

“…(John, 2003) are two freshwater filamentous microalgae. While the former possesses high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and palmitoleic acid (POA) (Patil, Källqvist, Olsen, Vogt, & Gislerød, 2007), and xanthophylls (Strain et al, 1970), the latter produces considerable amounts of the red pigment astaxanthin (Chen et al, 2019). EPA is an essential very long‐chain PUFA for aquatic animals (Sargent, Tocher, & Bell, 2002; Tocher, 2010).…”

“…Recently, our previous study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of 5% T. utriculosum improved flesh quality (e.g., fillet EPA + DHA contents), and addition of 4% Oedocladium sp. or 5% T. utriculosum in aquafeed enhanced immunity (e.g., plasma complement content) of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio (Chen et al, 2019). Therefore, these two filamentous microalgae could be of great potential in solving the problems in yellow catfish aquaculture industry.…”