Two florigens and a florigen-like protein form a triple regulatory module at the shoot apical meristem to promote reproductive transitions in rice

Giaume, Francesca; Bono, Giulia Ave; Martignago, Damiano; Miao, Yiling; Vicentini, Giulio; Toriba, Taiyo; Wang, Rui; Kong, Dali; Cerise, Martina; Chirivì, Daniele; Biancucci, Marco; Khahani, Bahman; Morandini, Piero; Tameling, W.I.L.; Martinotti, Michela; Goretti, Daniela; Coupland, George; Kater, Martin M.; Brambilla, Vittoria; Miki, Daisuke; Kyozuka, Junko; Fornara, Fabio

doi:10.1038/s41477-023-01383-3

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…2020 ). Furthermore, OsFTL1 enhances the effects of Hd3a and RFT1 in the transition from vegetative meristem to IM and subsequent panicle development ( Giaume et al. 2023 ).…”

Section: Molecular Dynamics During the Reproductive Phase Transition ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Function of Florigen in the Vegetative-to-Reproductive Phase Transition in and around the Shoot Apical Meristem

Tsuji,

Sato

2024

Plant and Cell Physiology

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Plants undergo a series of developmental phases throughout their life cycle, each characterized by specific processes. Three critical features distinguish these phases: the arrangement of primordia (phyllotaxis), the timing of their differentiation (plastochron), and the characteristics of the lateral organs and axillary meristems. Identifying the unique molecular features of each phase, determining the molecular triggers that cause transitions, and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these transitions are key to gleaning a complete understanding of plant development. During the vegetative phase, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) facilitates continuous leaf and stem formation, with leaf development as the hallmark. The transition to the reproductive phase induces significant changes in these processes, driven mainly by the protein FT (FLOWERING LOCUS T) in Arabidopsis and proteins encoded by FT orthologs, which are specified as “florigen”. These proteins are synthesized in leaves and transported to SAM, and act as the primary flowering signal, although its impact varies among species. Within the SAM, florigen integrates with other signals, culminating in developmental changes. This review explores the central question of how florigen induces developmental phase transition in the SAM. Future research may combine phase transition studies, potentially revealing the florigen-induced developmental phase transition in SAM.

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“…2020 ). Furthermore, OsFTL1 enhances the effects of Hd3a and RFT1 in the transition from vegetative meristem to IM and subsequent panicle development ( Giaume et al. 2023 ).…”

Section: Molecular Dynamics During the Reproductive Phase Transition ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Function of Florigen in the Vegetative-to-Reproductive Phase Transition in and around the Shoot Apical Meristem

Tsuji,

Sato

2024

Plant and Cell Physiology

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“…OsMADS50 is an LD flowering promoter, acting upstream of Ehd1 ( Komiya et al , 2009 ; Ryu et al , 2009 ). As a result, flowering under long days is delayed compared with short days, and is exclusively promoted by RFT1 ( Komiya et al , 2009 ; Giaume et al , 2023 ).…”

Section: Day Length and Temperature Induce The Expression Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phenotype of the wild type (WT) is represented in the central column. (A) In rice, hd3a rft1 mutants are unable to flower under inductive and non-inductive conditions ( Giaume et al , 2023 ). Panicles of plants overexpressing RCN4 are shorter than those of the WT and highly branched ( Zhu et al , 2020 ).…”

Section: Balancing Florigens With Anti-florigens To Control the Timin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an increasing amount of evidence that PEBPs are more than just floral integrators. In recent years, PEBP family members have been linked with different biological processes, such as the regulation of plant height, tiller number, and inflorescence architecture ( Zhang et al , 2005 ; Conti and Bradley, 2007 ; Bi et al , 2019 ; Shaw et al , 2019 ; Zhu et al , 2021 ; Giaume et al , 2023 ), storage organ formation ( Navarro et al , 2011 ; X. Zhang et al ., 2020 ; Jing et al , 2023 ; recently reviewed in Khosa et al , 2021 ; Susila and Purwestri, 2023 ), and seed germination and dormancy ( Xi et al , 2010 ; Nakamura et al , 2011 ; S. Liu et al ., 2013 ) ( Fig. 2 ).…”

Section: Diversification Of the Pebp Family Members And Their Impact ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flowering time genes branching out

Colleoni,

van Es,

Winkelmolen

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Plants are sessile by nature, and as such they have evolved to sense changes in seasonality and their surrounding environment, and adapt to these changes. One prime example of this is the regulation of flowering time in angiosperms, which is precisely timed by the coordinative action of two proteins: FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1). Both regulators are members of the PHOSPHATIDILETHANOLAMINE BINDING PROTEIN (PEBP) family of proteins. These regulatory proteins do not interact with DNA themselves, but instead interact with transcriptional regulators, such as FLOWERING LOCUS D (FD). FT and TFL1 were initially identified as key regulators of flowering time acting through binding with FD, however PEBP family members are also involved in shaping plant architecture and development. Next to that, PEBPs can interact with TCP transcriptional regulators, such as TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1 (TB1), a well-known regulator of plant architecture and key domestication related gene in many crops. Here, we review the role of PEBP proteins in flowering time, plant architecture and development. As these are also key yield-related traits, we will highlight fascinating examples from the model plant Arabidopsis as well as important food and feed crops such as, rice, barley, wheat, tomato, and potato.

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“…Recently, a study revealed that Hd3a and RFT1 activated FLOWERING LOCUS T-LIKE 1 (FT-L1), a florigen-like protein with unique characteristics, collaborates with Hd3a and RFT1 to facilitate vegetative-to-inflorescence meristem transition and regulate panicle branching by increasing determinacy in distal meristems [ 11 ]. Several positive and negative regulators control the expression of the florigens in leaves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional divergence of FTL9 and FTL10 in flowering control in rice

Tan,

Muhammad,

Zhang

et al. 2024

BMC Genomics

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Background Floral transition in cereals is a critical phenomenon influenced by exogenous and endogenous signals, determining crop yield and reproduction. Flowering Locus T-like (FT-like) genes encode a mobile florigen, the main signaling molecule for flowering. Results In this study, we characterized two FT-like genes, FTL9 and FTL10, to study their functional diversity in flowering control in rice. We compared independent mutant lines of ftl10 with WT and observed negligible differences in the flowering phenotype, or agronomic traits implying potentially redundant roles of FTL10 loss-of-function in flowering control in rice. Nevertheless, we found that overexpression of FTL10, but not FTL9, substantially accelerated flowering, indicating the flowering-promoting role of FTL10 and the divergent functions between FTL9 and FTL10 in flowering. Besides flowering, additive agronomic roles were observed for FTL10-OE regulating the number of effective panicles per plant, the number of primary branches per panicle, and spikelets per panicle without regulating seed size. Mechanistically, our Y2H and BiFC analyses demonstrate that FTL10, in contrast to FTL9, can interact with FD1 and GF14c, forming a flowering activation complex and thereby regulating flowering. Conclusion Altogether, our results elucidate the regulatory roles of FTL9 and FTL10 in flowering control, unveiling the molecular basis of functional divergence between FTL10 and FTL9, which provides mechanistic insights into shaping the dynamics of flowering time regulation in rice.

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Two florigens and a florigen-like protein form a triple regulatory module at the shoot apical meristem to promote reproductive transitions in rice

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

The Function of Florigen in the Vegetative-to-Reproductive Phase Transition in and around the Shoot Apical Meristem

The Function of Florigen in the Vegetative-to-Reproductive Phase Transition in and around the Shoot Apical Meristem

Flowering time genes branching out

Functional divergence of FTL9 and FTL10 in flowering control in rice

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