Two Forms of Learning following Training to a Single Odorant in Caenorhabditis elegans AWC Neurons

Pereira, Schreiber; Kooy, Derek van der

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4221-11.2012

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…There exist numerous studies demonstrating either non-associative or associative learning, yet only a few rigorous experimental designs highlighted the relative importance of, and distinction between, these two learning categories in one and the same species and learning task [24,63,64]. At the molecular level, Pereira & van der Kooy [63] revealed an odorant-specific ability to employ non-associative and associative learning in the nematode C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constitutive and Operational Variation of Learning in Foraging Predatory Mites

Seiter

Schausberger

2016

PLoS ONE

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Learning is widely documented across animal taxa but studies stringently scrutinizing the causes of constitutive or operational variation of learning among populations and individuals are scarce. The ability to learn is genetically determined and subject to constitutive variation while the performance in learning depends on the immediate circumstances and is subject to operational variation. We assessed variation in learning ability and performance of plant-inhabiting predatory mites, Amblyseius swirskii, caused by population origin, rearing diet, and type of experience. Using an early learning foraging paradigm, we determined that homogeneous single prey environments did not select for reduced learning ability, as compared to natural prey-diverse environments, whereas a multi-generational pollen diet resulted in loss of learning, as compared to a diet of live prey. Associative learning produced stronger effects than non-associative learning but both types of experience produced persistent memory. Our study represents a key example of environmentally caused variation in learning ability and performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the molecular level, Pereira & van der Kooy [63] revealed an odorant-specific ability to employ non-associative and associative learning in the nematode C . elegans .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive and Operational Variation of Learning in Foraging Predatory Mites

Seiter

Schausberger

2016

PLoS ONE

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“…Therefore, STAM and adaptation are separate but related learning and memory paradigms. Since adaptation is either non-associative or a result of a negative association (Pereira & van der Kooy, 2012), STAM that is formed after a positive association may be regulated differently by similar pathways. Indeed, Insulin/IGF-1-like signaling differentially regulates negative vs. positive associative learning and memory (Kauffman, et al, 2010; Stein & Murphy, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C. elegans positive olfactory associative memory is a molecularly conserved behavioral paradigm

Stein

Murphy

2014

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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While it is thought that short-term memory arises from changes in protein dynamics that increase the strength of synaptic signaling, many of the underlying fundamental molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Our lab developed a C. elegans assay of positive olfactory short-term associative memory (STAM), in which worms learn to associate food with an odor and can remember this association for over one hour. Here we use this massed olfactory associative assay to identify regulators of C. elegans short-term and intermediate-term associative memory (ITAM) processes. We show that there are unique molecular characteristics for different temporal phases of STAM, which include: learning, which is tested immediately after training, short-term memory, tested 30 minutes after training, intermediate-term memory, tested 1 hour after training, and forgetting, tested 2 hours after training. We find that, as in higher organisms, C. elegans STAM requires calcium and cAMP signaling, and ITAM requires protein translation. Additionally, we found that STAM and ITAM are distinct from olfactory adaptation, an associative paradigm in which worms learn to disregard an inherently attractive odor after starvation in the presence of that odor. Adaptation mutants show variable responses to short-term associative memory training. Our data distinguish between shorter forms of a positive associative memory in C. elegans that require canonical memory pathways. Study of STAM and ITAM in C. elegans could lead to a more general understanding of the distinctions between these important processes and also to the discovery of novel conserved memory regulators.

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“…These mechanisms, referred to as receptor desensitization, have been extensively studied in mammalian cells. Studies in C. elegans of GRK and arrestin homologs have identified specific functions of these proteins in sensory neurons (Fukoto et al, 2004: PMID 15157420; Palmitessa et al, 2005: PMID 15878875, Pereira and van der Kooy, 2012: PMID 22745502; Singh and Aballay, 2012: PMID 22875856), but have so far failed to show any striking effects of GRK or arrestin on neurotransmitter signaling in the rest of the nervous system.…”

Section: Neurotransmitters and Receptors That Signal Through Hetermentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitter signaling through heterotrimeric G proteins: insights from studies in C. elegans

Koelle

2018

WormBook

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Neurotransmitters signal via G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to modulate activity of neurons and muscles. C. elegans has ~150 G protein coupled neuropeptide receptor homologs and 28 additional GPCRs for small-molecule neurotransmitters. Genetic studies in C. elegans demonstrate that neurotransmitters diffuse far from their release sites to activate GPCRs on distant cells. Individual receptor types are expressed on limited numbers of cells and thus can provide very specific regulation of an individual neural circuit and behavior. G protein coupled neurotransmitter receptors signal principally via the three types of heterotrimeric G proteins defined by the G alpha subunits Gαo, Gαq, and Gαs. Each of these G alpha proteins is found in all neurons plus some muscles. Gαo and Gαq signaling inhibit and activate neurotransmitter release, respectively. Gαs signaling, like Gαq signaling, promotes neurotransmitter release. Many details of the signaling mechanisms downstream of Gαq and Gαs have been delineated and are consistent with those of their mammalian orthologs. The details of the signaling mechanism downstream of Gαo remain a mystery. Forward genetic screens in C. elegans have identified new molecular components of neural G protein signaling mechanisms, including Regulators of G protein Signaling (RGS proteins) that inhibit signaling, a new Gαq effector (the Trio RhoGEF domain), and the RIC-8 protein that is required for neuronal Gα signaling. A model is presented in which G proteins sum up the variety of neuromodulator signals that impinge on a neuron to calculate its appropriate output level.

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Two Forms of Learning following Training to a Single Odorant in Caenorhabditis elegans AWC Neurons

Cited by 27 publications

References 46 publications

Constitutive and Operational Variation of Learning in Foraging Predatory Mites

Constitutive and Operational Variation of Learning in Foraging Predatory Mites

C. elegans positive olfactory associative memory is a molecularly conserved behavioral paradigm

Neurotransmitter signaling through heterotrimeric G proteins: insights from studies in C. elegans

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