Two histopathological patterns of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: epidermal and dermal

Park, Ji-Youn; Park, Ji-Hye; Kim, Sang Jin; Kwon, Ji Eun; Kang, Hee Young; Lee, Eun‐So; Kim, You Chan

doi:10.1111/cup.12849

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…PIH appears as macules or patches commonly observed on sun exposed body areas: face (cheeks, mandibular area, forehead, temples), back and front shoulders/trunk. It has been recently proposed to classify PIH into two groups: epidermal or dermal according the melanin pigment deposition [ 281 ]. The characteristic response of melanocytes to inflammatory stimuli is hyperplasia and hyperactivity of melanocytes, via the generation of inflammatory mediators (eicosanoids, cytokines, ROS, endothelin-1, stem cell factors), but without increase of their number.…”

Section: Mid- and Long-term Consequences Of Uv Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infiltrates of lymphohistiocytes and melanophages at proximity of the blood vessels and in the dermal papillae, as well as upregulation of MMP2, a basement membrane collagen IV degradative enzyme, are observed in the two types, however more intensively in the dermal PIH. Infiltration of mast cells could be observed only in the dermal PIH subset [ 281 ]. Epidermal PIH induces dark brown lesions while dermal PIH causes brown to blue/gray discoloration of the skin.…”

Section: Mid- and Long-term Consequences Of Uv Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and Biological Characterization of Skin Pigmentation Diversity and Its Consequences on UV Impact

Bino

Duval

Bernerd

2018

IJMS

193

138

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Skin color diversity is the most variable and noticeable phenotypic trait in humans resulting from constitutive pigmentation variability. This paper will review the characterization of skin pigmentation diversity with a focus on the most recent data on the genetic basis of skin pigmentation, and the various methodologies for skin color assessment. Then, melanocyte activity and amount, type and distribution of melanins, which are the main drivers for skin pigmentation, are described. Paracrine regulators of melanocyte microenvironment are also discussed. Skin response to sun exposure is also highly dependent on color diversity. Thus, sensitivity to solar wavelengths is examined in terms of acute effects such as sunburn/erythema or induced-pigmentation but also long-term consequences such as skin cancers, photoageing and pigmentary disorders. More pronounced sun-sensitivity in lighter or darker skin types depending on the detrimental effects and involved wavelengths is reviewed.

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Section: Mid- and Long-term Consequences Of Uv Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mid- and Long-term Consequences Of Uv Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Biological Characterization of Skin Pigmentation Diversity and Its Consequences on UV Impact

Bino

Duval

Bernerd

2018

IJMS

193

138

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“…The inflammation also causes melanocyte hyperplasia, damage to the basement membrane through collagen IV degradation, leakage of melanins from basal keratinocytes, accumulation of melanophages at the proximity of blood vessels and in the dermis and dermal hyperpigmentation. 137 This type of damage affects all skin types but is more prevalent in Oriental and Indian skin types. Moreover, in both skin types it is more common in darker constitutive pigmentation background due to increased reactivity of melanocytes.…”

Section: Defects Of Skin Pigmentation and Their Associations With Skimentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Melanogenic Difference Consideration in Ethnic Skin Type: A Balance Approach Between Skin Brightening Applications and Beneficial Sun Exposure</p>

Markiewicz¹,

Idowu²

2020

CCID

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Human skin demonstrates a striking variation in tone and color that is evident among multiple demographic populations. Such characteristics are determined predominantly by the expression of the genes controlling the quantity and quality of melanin, which can alter significantly due to the presence of small nucleotide polymorphism affecting various steps of the melanogenesis process and generally linked to the lighter skin phenotypes. Genetically determined, constitutive skin color is additionally complemented by the facultative melanogenesis and tanning responses; with high levels of melanin and melanogenic factors broadly recognized to have a protective effect against the UVR-induced molecular damage in darker skin. Long-term sun exposure, together with a genetic makeup responsible for the ability to tan or the activity of constitutive melanogenic factors, triggers defects in pigmentation across all ethnic skin types. However, sun exposure also has well documented beneficial effects that manifest at both skin homeostasis and the systemic level, such as synthesis of vitamin D, which is thought to be less efficient in the presence of high levels of melanin or potentially linked to the polymorphism in the genes responsible for skin darkening triggered by UVR. In this review, we discuss melanogenesis in a context of constitutive pigmentation, defined by gene polymorphism in ethnic skin types, and facultative pigmentation that is not only associated with the capacity to protect the skin against photo-damage but could also have an impact on vitamin D synthesis through gene polymorphism. Modulating the activities of melanogenic genes, with the focus on the markers specifically altered by polymorphism combined with differential requirements of sun exposure in ethnic skin types, could enhance the applications of already existing skin brightening factors and provide a novel approach toward improved skin tone and health in personalized skincare.

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“…Die histologischen Befunde der PIH sind diskret und umfassen mehrheitlich Melaninablagerungen in der oberflächlichen papillären Dermis (dermaler Typ) sowie basalen Epidermis (epidermaler Typ) bei schütterem Umgebungsinfiltrat. Der dermale Typ der PIH weist ein kräftigeres Begleitinfiltrat als der epidermale Typ auf und auch eine gesteigerte Expression von histiozytären Zellen und Mastzellen sowie Matrixmetalloproteinasen (MMP-2), dies impliziert eine gesteigerte Mastzell-und Histiozytenaktivität in diesem Subset dermaler PIH [57]. Die Melanozyten sind in Zahl und Form unverändert zu klinisch normaler Haut.…”

Section: Postinflammatorische Hyperpigmentierungenunclassified

Erworbene retikuläre Pigmentdermatosen

Müller¹,

Vogt²

2019

Akt Dermatol

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Clinical differential diagnoses of acquired hyperpigmentation of the skin are manifold. The rarity and fuzzy demarcation between various entities on the one hand and the alleged insignificance and harmlessness of the dermatoses on the other hand often delay a rapid diagnosis in everyday clinical practice. In the present work the most important clinical differential diagnoses are reviewed. Acquired reticular pigment dermatoses (RPD) of the skin sui generis include Dowling-Degos disease (DDD), Galli-Galli disease (GGD). Further diseases rarely found in Europe are Kitamura disease (RKD), reticular acropigmentation Dohi (RAD) and Haber syndrome (HS). Other acquired more frequent hyperpigmentation of the skin, which may also have a reticular pattern, include acanthosis nigricans, papillomatosis confluens et reticularis Gougerot carteaud, diabetic dermatopathy, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Some of these diseases are particularly indicative of endocrinopathies. In particular, childhood acanthosis nigricans is of great importance in diabetes mellitus screening. Histopathological examination with the clinical problem of acquired hyperpigmentation can be difficult and requires close clinical-pathological correlation.

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Two histopathological patterns of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: epidermal and dermal

Abstract: PIH patients can be classified into two histopathological groups: epidermal and dermal pigmentation. The dermal pigment group showed decreased levels of epidermal pigmentation. This study provides histopathological information that can improve the treatment of PIH.

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Clinical and Biological Characterization of Skin Pigmentation Diversity and Its Consequences on UV Impact

Clinical and Biological Characterization of Skin Pigmentation Diversity and Its Consequences on UV Impact

<p>Melanogenic Difference Consideration in Ethnic Skin Type: A Balance Approach Between Skin Brightening Applications and Beneficial Sun Exposure</p>

Erworbene retikuläre Pigmentdermatosen

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