Two Leishmania species circulating in the Kaleybar focus of infantile visceral leishmaniasis, northwest Iran: implications for deltamethrin dog collar intervention

Parvizi, Parviz; Mazloumi-Gavgani, A. S.; Davies, Clive R.; Courtenay, Orin; Ready, P. D.

doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.04.026

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…in sand flies could be successfully detected and identified by PCR methods. 14,14,30 In our study, although the incidence rate of VL was not high in 2006 (the number of reported cases in the region had decreased from more than 100 cases in 2000 to only 14 cases in 2006), we detected Leishmania spp. or Leishmania -like spp.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Phlebotomus perfeliewi transcaucasicus was found the only vector of the causative agent of VL found in that region. 30 Phlebotomus perfiliewi perfiliewi , the sister subspecies of P. perfeliewi transcaucasicus , has been identified as a vector of VL/CL caused by L. infantum in Mediterranean countries such as Italy and Algeria. [31][32][33][34] In our study, we also found Leishmania spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vector Incrimination of Sand Flies in the Most Important Visceral Leishmaniasis Focus in Iran

Oshaghi¹,

Maleki‐Ravasan²,

Javadian³

et al. 2009

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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Abstract. The prevalence, host preference, and rate of Leishmania spp. infection of sand fly species are important parameters for incrimination of parasite vectors. We applied polymerase chain reaction (PCR)−based and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods to detect Leishmania spp. parasites and blood meals within individual sand flies in the most important visceral leishmaniasis (VL) focus in northwestern Iran. Leishmania spp. minicircles (kinetoplast DNA) were found in 14 (0.9%) of 1,569 female specimens. Sequence analysis of 650 basepairs of an internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA gene identified L. infantum/L. donovani in 12 specimens and L. adleri -like parasites in 2 specimens. Nine (64.3%) of 14 of the Leishmania spp.-positive sand flies were Phlebotomus perfeliewi transcaucasicus . Blood meal identification of host DNA within sand flies by PCR-based and ELISA methods showed that 30% and 28%, respectively, were positive for human blood. Results of this study showed that P. perfeliewi transcaucasicus is the most prevalent, infected, and anthropophagic sand fly and plays a major role in VL transmission in the region studied.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector Incrimination of Sand Flies in the Most Important Visceral Leishmaniasis Focus in Iran

Oshaghi¹,

Maleki‐Ravasan²,

Javadian³

et al. 2009

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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“…P. perfiliewi transcaucasicus and P. kandelakii have been reported as the proven vectors of VL in Azarbaijan-e-sharqi and Ardabil [21], [22]. Parvizi et al 2008 [23] and Sanei Dehkordi et al 2011 [24] have reported P. perfiliewi as the proven vector of VL in Kaleybar and Bileh Savar counties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of the Bacterial and Fungal Microflora from the Midgut and Cuticle of Phlebotomine Sand Flies Collected in North-Western Iran

et al. 2012

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BackgroundPhlebotomine sand flies are the vectors of the leishmaniases, parasitic diseases caused by Leishmania spp. Little is known about the prevalence and diversity of sand fly microflora colonizing the midgut or the cuticle. Particularly, there is little information on the fungal diversity. This information is important for development of vector control strategies.Methodology/Principal FindingsFive sand fly species: Phlebotomus papatasi, P. sergenti, P. kandelakii, P. perfiliewi and P. halepensis were caught in Bileh Savar and Kaleybar in North-Western Iran that are located in endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis. A total of 35 specimens were processed. Bacterial and fungal strains were identified by routine microbiological methods. We characterized 39 fungal isolates from the cuticle and/or the midgut. They belong to six different genera including Penicillium (17 isolates), Aspergillus (14), Acremonium (5), Fusarium (1), Geotrichum (1) and Candida (1). We identified 33 Gram-negative bacteria: Serratia marcescens (9 isolates), Enterobacter cloacae (6), Pseudomonas fluorescens (6), Klebsiella ozaenae (4), Acinetobacter sp. (3), Escherichia coli (3), Asaia sp. (1) and Pantoea sp. (1) as well as Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (5) and Micrococcus luteus (5) in 10 isolates.Conclusion/SignificanceOur study provides new data on the microbiotic diversity of field-collected sand flies and for the first time, evidence of the presence of Asaia sp. in sand flies. We have also found a link between physiological stages (unfed, fresh fed, semi gravid and gravid) of sand flies and number of bacteria that they carry. Interestingly Pantoea sp. and Klebsiella ozaenae have been isolated in Old World sand fly species. The presence of latter species on sand fly cuticle and in the female midgut suggests a role for this arthropod in dissemination of these pathogenic bacteria in endemic areas. Further experiments are required to clearly delineate the vectorial role (passive or active) of sand flies.

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“…In areas where canine leishmaniasis is endemic, up to 25% of the dogs are infected, most of them not presenting clinical signs (Gavgani et al 2002, Parvizi et al 2008. Cases of feline Leishmania infection have not yet been documented in Iran; therefore, this study aimed at evaluating Leishmania infection in cats in areas where VL is endemic in Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Natural Infection in Cats withLeishmania infantumin Iran

Hatam

Adnani

Asgari

et al. 2010

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by Leishmania infantum, is an endemic zoonosis in Iran. In recent years, Leishmania infection in cats has been reported in several countries where leishmaniasis is present. The aim of this study was to survey Leishmania infection in cats and to detect its causative agents in VL endemic areas in Iran. Forty stray cats were captured from two areas where VL is endemic, Fars and East Azerbaijan provinces. Infection with Leishmania was evaluated by parasitological and molecular methods. Leishmania parasites were detected in 4 out of 40 cats (10%). The parasite was isolated from the spleen of three and the liver of one cat and mass cultivated in the culture medium. Molecular and isoenzyme characterization revealed that the parasites isolated from the four cats were all L. infantum. Considering the high rate of feline Leishmania infection in this study, it may be suggested that cats have an epidemiological role in areas where VL is endemic in Iran.

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Two Leishmania species circulating in the Kaleybar focus of infantile visceral leishmaniasis, northwest Iran: implications for deltamethrin dog collar intervention

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Vector Incrimination of Sand Flies in the Most Important Visceral Leishmaniasis Focus in Iran

Vector Incrimination of Sand Flies in the Most Important Visceral Leishmaniasis Focus in Iran

Diversity of the Bacterial and Fungal Microflora from the Midgut and Cuticle of Phlebotomine Sand Flies Collected in North-Western Iran

First Report of Natural Infection in Cats withLeishmania infantumin Iran

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