Two-loop photon self-energy in pseudoquantum electrodynamics in the presence of a conducting surface

Polyakov’s confinement mechanism for generalized Maxwell theory

“…References [5,[13][14][15][16] studied N f QED 3 and similar vector models in this holographic setup. Related examples include theories on manifolds with a boundary where bulk fields are effectively integrated out, e.g., free bulk scalar fields which interact on the boundary [17][18][19], quantum systems interacting with an environment [20][21][22], and the theory of four-dimensional photons that couple to electrons restricted to live on a three-dimensional surface -a system which admits a purely three-dimensional effective description involving a non-local Maxwell term [18,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], and which has been usefully applied as a model of graphene [25,33].…”