“…This additional mechanism fits well with the discovery of other IAPs that cooperate with talin to activate integrins, such as kindlins, although the mechanism is still unclear and kindlins also cluster integrins (Moser et al, 2009;Calderwood et al, 2013;Ye et al, 2013;Rognoni et al, 2016;Georgiadou et al, 2017). Additional IAPs enhancing talinmediated activation are RIAM (Han et al, 2006;Yang et al, 2014), zasp (also known as LDB3) (Bouaouina et al, 2012) and vinculin (Lee et al, 2013), whereas other IAPs compete with talin and reduce activation, including ICAP1 (also known as ITGB1BP1) (Bouvard et al, 2003), filamin A (Kiema et al, 2006) and moesin (Vitorino et al, 2015). Alternatively, SHANK proteins can sequester Rap1, reducing talin-mediated integrin activation .…”