Two new glycosides from the leaves of Ligustrum robustum and their antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase

Monoterpenoid Glycosides from the Leaves of Ligustrum robustum and Their Bioactivities

“…The biological research on L. robustum reported the anti-obesity activity of the total glycosides and the aqueous extract [2,5], the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and hepato-protective effects of the aqueous extract [4], and the antioxidant effect of some constituents [1,10]. In our previous study on L. robustum [12], some antioxidative and α-glucosidase inhibitory components, which might be a part of anti-diabetic ingredients of L. robustum [13][14][15][16], were discovered. However, to the best of our knowledge, the exact anti-obesity ingredients of L. robustum and their mechanisms are still unclear so far.…”

“…The inhibitory activities on FAS, α-glucosidase and α-amylase, and the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging effects of compounds 1-11 were evaluated according to the methods described in the literature [12,18,20], while orlistat, acarbose and L-(+)-ascorbic acid were used as the positive controls, respectively (S1).…”

Phenylethanoid and Phenylmethanoid Glycosides from the Leaves of Ligustrum robustum and Their Bioactivities

“…The inhibitory effects on FAS, α -glucosidase and α -amylase, and the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of compounds 1 – 11 were determined by the reported methods [ 12 , 13 , 18 , 19 ], while orlistat, acarbose, and L-(+)-ascorbic acid were applied as the positive controls, respectively ( Supplementary Material S1 ).…”

“…Blume (Oleaceae), classified as a food by the Chinese Ministry of Health since 2011, has been used as Ku-Ding-Cha in Southwest China [ 4 , 5 ]. In the previous investigations on L. robustum [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], more than 60 chemical constituents, including monoterpenoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, phenylmethanoid glycosides, iridoid glycosides, flavonoid glycosides, lignan glycosides, and triterpenoids, were discovered, and the antioxidative, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract, the inhibitory activities on FAS, α -glucosidase, and α -amylase, and the antioxidant effects of some constituents, were observed. To further elucidate the active components for preventing obesity and diabetes, the phytochemical and biological study on the leaves of L. robustum , which had been performed preliminarily [ 12 , 13 ], was carried out.…”

“…In the previous investigations on L. robustum [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], more than 60 chemical constituents, including monoterpenoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, phenylmethanoid glycosides, iridoid glycosides, flavonoid glycosides, lignan glycosides, and triterpenoids, were discovered, and the antioxidative, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract, the inhibitory activities on FAS, α -glucosidase, and α -amylase, and the antioxidant effects of some constituents, were observed. To further elucidate the active components for preventing obesity and diabetes, the phytochemical and biological study on the leaves of L. robustum , which had been performed preliminarily [ 12 , 13 ], was carried out. As a result, three new phenylethanoid glycosides and three new phenylmethanoid glycosides, named ligurobustosides R 1 ( 1b ), R 2–3 ( 2 ), R 4 ( 3 ), S 1 ( 4b ), S 2 ( 5 ), and S 3 ( 6 ), and five reported phenylethanoid glycosides ( 7 – 11 ) ( Figure 1 ) were isolated from the leaves of L. robustum .…”