Two-phase co-current flow in inclined pipe

Two-phase flow in inclined tubes with specific reference to condensation: A review

“…However, very few comparison with experimental data were realized after the publication of the models and it is difficult to have an idea of their validity for experimental conditions that differ from the ones that the authors used in their original papers. For example, Spedding et al (1998) presented experimental data on horizontal and slightly inclined flows (+5°, 0° and -5°) for a 58 mm inner diameter tube with an air-water system flowing in a co-current direction. They compared their results with existing flow pattern maps (Taitel and Dukler, 1976) and Mukherjee and Brill (1985b) for a horizontal orientation and Spedding and Nguyen (1980) for inclined oritentations).…”

“…Several authors (Diener and Friedel, 1998;Spedding et al, 1998;Woldesemayat and Ghajar, 2007) compared their experimental results with the prediction of numerous models presented in the literature for horizontal, inclined and vertical upward flows, including a large range of mass fluxes and fluids. However, only a few of the available correlations account for the inclination angle.…”

Co‐current descending two‐phase flows in inclined packed beds: Experiments versus simulations

“…In order to enhance the conceptual knowledge base of such flows and with a view towards process potential intensification in chemical process industries, inclined packed bed reactors with co‐current gas–liquid flows deserve a special attention regarding possible efficient fluid transport operations combined with shortened vessel lengths that could result in enhanced physicochemical performances. Numerous research articles are available dealing with air–water two‐phase flows in inclined pipes (e.g., Taitel and Dukler, 1976; Barnea et al, 1982; Spedding et al, 1998; Merchuk et al, 2007) and in narrow tubes (e.g., Cheng and Lin, 2001) without internals. Issues associated with gas–liquid (water–steam) flows in inclined configuration of hot legs (pipes/ducts) which are encountered in cooling circuits of pressurised water reactors, have also been addressed by several researchers (Ousaka et al, 2006; Vallee et al, 2009).…”

Heat transfer to air–water annular flow in a horizontal pipe

“…It is the open annular flow regime with motionless or slowly moving droplets. Spedding et al (1998) referred this regime to ''film plus droplet pattern''. For those cases, lift forces are not strong enough to bring the water film to the top of the pipe to form a closed annular flow pattern.…”