Two-Photon Absorption: An Open Door to the NIR-II Biological Window?

Shaw, Paige A.; Forsyth, Ewan; Haseeb, Fizza; Yang, Shufan; Bradley, Mark; Klausen, Maxime

doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.921354

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…Figures 3(a-d) show LSFM images taken at 400, 525, and 650 µm below from the embryo surface facing the detection objective, respectively. However, the imaging resolution is less than the single-photon system since we utilized two-photon excitation 17 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal optical coherence tomography and two-photon selective-plane illumination microscopy for embryonic imaging

Karim

Sun²,

Khajavi³

et al. 2023

Multimodal Biomedical Imaging XVIII

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Fluorescent two-photon selective-plane illumination microscopy (2P-SPIM) enables deep imaging of cellular information such as proliferation, type identification, and signaling using fluorescence. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can capture complementary structural information based on intrinsic optical scattering. We developed a specialized multimodal high-resolution embryonic imaging system combining the benefits of OCT with 2P-SPIM. The OCT and 2P-SPIM beams were optically co-aligned and scanned using the same scanners and the same objective lens. The resulting light sheet thickness was ~13 µm with a transverse resolution of ~2.1 µm. The OCT system was based on a 1050 nm centered swept source laser with a bandwidth of ~100 nm and a sweep rate of 100 kHz. The OCT system utilized a Michelson-style interferometer and had a lateral resolution of ~15 µm and an axial resolution of ~7 µm. The capabilities of the multimodal imaging system were demonstrated using images of fluorescent microbeads and a fluorescently tagged mouse embryo at gestational day 9.5. Due to the co-alignment of the OCT and 2P-SPIM systems, image registration was simple and allowed for high-throughput multimodal imaging without the use of sophisticated registration methods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal optical coherence tomography and two-photon selective-plane illumination microscopy for embryonic imaging

Karim

Sun²,

Khajavi³

et al. 2023

Multimodal Biomedical Imaging XVIII

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“…In both experiments we found a measurable increase in the ratio values that is useful in the determination of TYR activity in cells through fluorescence microscopy. Excitation by NIR radiation has been widely used to prevent or reduce autofluorescence of cells and tissues, as well as the absorption and scattering of excitation light, which allows obtaining sharper images at greater depths, although its use is limited in the range of wavelength of higher transmittance in biological samples [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…autofluorescence, and light scattering. To avoid these drawbacks, a technique can be used that consists in the excitation of the fluorophore by means of two simultaneous photons of a wavelength that doubles or exceeds that needed to excite the same fluorophore with a single photon [4][5][6]. Two-photon microscopy (TPM) was predicted by Nobel laureate Maria Goeppert Mayer in 1931 [7] and was applied by Webb in a cellular environment in 1990 [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New ICT-based Ratiometric Two-Photon Near Infrared Probe for Imaging Tyrosinase in Living Cells, Tissues and Whole Organisms

Valverde-Pozo¹,

Paredes²,

García-Rubiño³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Melanoma is a type of highly malignant and metastatic skin cancer. In situ molecular imaging of endogenous levels of the melanoma biomarker tyrosinase (TYR) may decrease the likelihood of mortality. In this study we proposed the weakly fluorescent probe 1-(4-(2-(4-(dicyanomethylene)-4H-chromen-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)urea (DCM-HBU), which releases a strong red-shifted fluorescent signal after a TYR-mediated oxidation followed by hydrolysis of the urea linkage. The large Stokes shift of the dye is owed to the recovery of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect. The resulting probe derivate shows a highly ratiometric fluorescence output. Furthermore, the simultaneous excitation by two near-infrared (NIR) photons of the released DCM-NH2 fluorophore could avoid the usual drawbacks, such as cellular absorption, autofluorescence and light scattering, due to an usually short wavelength of the excitation light on biological systems, resulting in images with deeper tissue penetration. In addition, the probe is useful for the quantitative sensing of TYR activity in vivo, as demonstrated in zebrafish larvae. This new ratiometric two photon NIR fluorescent probe is expected to be useful for the accurate detection of TYR in complex biosystems at greater depths than other one-photon excited fluorescent probes.

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“…In addition, this AIETP polymeric nanoparticle demonstrated two-photon NIR-II (1040 nm) excitability, which enables high-contrast vascular brain imaging with increased penetration depth. The NIR-II biological window (1000–1700 nm) is more promising for two-photon bioimaging because tissue components scatter and absorb less at the longer wavelengths, resulting in deeper penetration depth and higher spatial resolution, compared to the visible or conventional NIR-I window [ 31 , 32 ]. However, the design and synthesis of efficient fluorophores are crucial in NIR-II bioimaging.…”

Section: Polymeric Nanoplatforms For Two-photon-assisted Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Biomedical Applications of Polymeric Nanoplatform Assisted with Two-Photon Absorption Process

et al. 2022

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Polymers are well-recognized carriers useful for delivering therapeutic drug and imaging probes to the target specified in the defined pathophysiological site. The functional drug molecules and imaging agents were chemically attached or physically loaded in the carrier polymer matrix via cleavable spacers. Using appropriate targeting moieties, these polymeric carriers (PCs) loaded with functional molecules were designed to realize target-specific delivery at the cellular level. The biodistribution of these carriers can be tracked using imaging agents with suitable imaging techniques. The drug molecules can be released by cleaving the spacers either by endogenous stimuli (e.g., pH, redox species, glucose level and enzymes) at the targeted physiological site or exogenous stimuli (e.g., light, electrical pulses, ultrasound and magnetism). Recently, two-photon absorption (2PA)-mediated drug delivery and imaging has gained significant attention because TPA from near-infrared light (700–950 nm, NIR) renders light energy similar to the one-photon absorption from ultraviolet (UV) light. NIR has been considered biologically safe unlike UV, which is harmful to soft tissues, cells and blood vessels. In addition to the heat and reactive oxygen species generating capability of 2PA molecules, 2PA-functionalized PCs were also found to be useful for treating diseases such as cancer by photothermal and photodynamic therapies. Herein, insights attained towards the design, synthesis and biomedical applications of 2PA-activated PCs are reviewed. In particular, specific focus is provided to the imaging and drug delivery applications with a special emphasis on multi-responsive platforms.

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Two-Photon Absorption: An Open Door to the NIR-II Biological Window?

Cited by 31 publications

References 179 publications

Multimodal optical coherence tomography and two-photon selective-plane illumination microscopy for embryonic imaging

Multimodal optical coherence tomography and two-photon selective-plane illumination microscopy for embryonic imaging

New ICT-based Ratiometric Two-Photon Near Infrared Probe for Imaging Tyrosinase in Living Cells, Tissues and Whole Organisms

Recent Advances in Biomedical Applications of Polymeric Nanoplatform Assisted with Two-Photon Absorption Process

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