Two-photon polymerization for biological applications

Nguyen, Alexander K.; Narayan, Roger J.

doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2017.06.004

Cited by 201 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A high porous architecture and a controllable porous size are key parameters for accommodating different types of cells, whereas porosity has a crucial role in attachment and migration of transplanted cells. Depending on the fabrication method and the raw material, the porous size varies between 100 and 500 µm in order to be suitable for applications such as bone regeneration [117], cardiac tissues [118] and cells proliferation [119].…”

Section: Scaffolds Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprinting for Liver Transplantation

et al. 2019

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Bioprinting techniques can be used for the in vitro fabrication of functional complex bio-structures. Thus, extensive research is being carried on the use of various techniques for the development of 3D cellular structures. This article focuses on direct writing techniques commonly used for the fabrication of cell structures. Three different types of bioprinting techniques are depicted: Laser-based bioprinting, ink-jet bioprinting and extrusion bioprinting. Further on, a special reference is made to the use of the bioprinting techniques for the fabrication of 2D and 3D liver model structures and liver on chip platforms. The field of liver tissue engineering has been rapidly developed, and a wide range of materials can be used for building novel functional liver structures. The focus on liver is due to its importance as one of the most critical organs on which to test new pharmaceuticals, as it is involved in many metabolic and detoxification processes, and the toxicity of the liver is often the cause of drug rejection.

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Section: Scaffolds Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprinting for Liver Transplantation

et al. 2019

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“…Printed metamaterials consisting of unit cells with 100 nm resolution can exhibit tailored mechanical properties. While some promising steps have been taken to scale nanoscale prints to the millimeter and centimeter scale, improvements in overall print size,373 material selection, and throughput are necessary to expand its applications 394…”

Section: Optical Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial Patterning in 3D Printing

et al. 2020

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The synergistic integration of nanomaterials with 3D printing technologies can enable the creation of architecture and devices with an unprecedented level of functional integration. In particular, a multiscale 3D printing approach can seamlessly interweave nanomaterials with diverse classes of materials to impart, program, or modulate a wide range of functional properties in an otherwise passive 3D printed object. However, achieving such multiscale integration is challenging as it requires the ability to pattern, organize, or assemble nanomaterials in a 3D printing process. This review highlights the latest advances in the integration of nanomaterials with 3D printing, achieved by leveraging mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, or thermal phenomena. Ultimately, it is envisioned that such approaches can enable the creation of multifunctional constructs and devices that cannot be fabricated with conventional manufacturing approaches.

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“…While a number of studies have reported substrates for two photon polymerisation, there is incomplete information on biocompatibility and imaging capability of these polymer scaffolds to examine network development and function. 61 Optical transparency and low auto-fluorescence of the polymerised scaffolds is a prerequisite to achieving fluorescence-based protein visualisation and calcium activity monitoring in 3D neural tissue constructs. Opaque or dispersive polymers will impede imaging through the material surface, a problem that will worsen once series of layers are stacked upon each other, leading to incomplete mapping of three-dimensional structures.…”

Section: Materials Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%