Two retailers go global – the geographical dimension

Costco and the Aussie Shopper: a case study of the market entry of an international retailer

“…Studies have addressed topics such as the motives, strategies, direction of international retail expansion, individual company experiences, market entry selection, and divestment actions (Treadgold 1991;Alexander and Myers 2000;Sternquist 1997;Laulajainen 1991;Alexander 1995;Vida and Fairhurst 1998;Alexander and Quinn 2002;Burt et al 2004;Palmer and Quinn 2007;Cairns et al 2008;Alexander et al 2011). Similarly, several theoretical frameworks of the retail internationalization process have emerged that draw attention to the driving forces that promote or inhibit the initiation of international retail activity (e.g., Salmon and Tordjman 1989;Dawson 1994;Sternquist 1997;Vida and Fairhurst 1998;Alexander and Myers 2000).…”

Spatial competitive interaction of retail store formats: modeling proposal and empirical results

“…Even theories of institutional change in retailing have been revised for the location context (Brown, 1987). Many authors have focused on the spatial dimension in their empirical analysis of the structure and dynamism of retailing (e.g., Laulajainen, 1988Laulajainen, , 1991Sparks, 1995;Cliquet, 1998). In addition, from a normative point of view, location decisions have received great attention.…”

The breaking of the fourth wave: recent out-of-town retail developments in Britain

“…One of these is geographical expansion and both warehouse clubs and factory outlet centres are at stage 4 of internationalization. Research on the internationalization of innovative retail formats has tended to be of a case-study or a company-speci c nature (see, for example, Martensen 1985Martensen , 1988Laulajainen 1991;Tordjman 1994;Davies and Sanghavi 1995). In some instances, the relative success or failure of retail formats as they spread from their 'home' market to 'foreign' markets has been the subject of discussion (Burt 1994;Dupuis and Prime 1996).…”