Two Sides of the Same Coin

Abstract

The European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) survey reported on the largest cohort of 125 aggressive pituitary tumours (APT) and 40 pituitary carcinomas (PC). Whilst the survey focused on treatment effectiveness, all pathological data were not explored in detail. Here we comment on some interesting pathological findings, notably the difference between APT and PC. Commentary For a pituitary pathologist, the cohort of 125 aggressive pituitary tumours (APT) and 40 pituitary carcinomas (PC) of the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) survey is clearly a "gold mine", by far the largest series thus far. As this study, recently published in EJE (1), mainly focused on treatment effectiveness, not all pathological data were explored in full detail. Here, we would like to comment on some interesting pathological findings, especially regarding the difference between APT and PC. The ESE collaborative study demonstrated a high degree of similarity between the 125 APT, defined as "an invasive tumour with rapid growth, multiple recurrences and resistance to standard therapies" and the 40 PC with metastatic disease. Clinically, the sex ratio, percentage

An Ecology of Social Categories

“…The fact that appeal increases with a producer's typicality in a category need not imply that audiences prefer constraining categories. Previous research shows that venture capitalists, an important audience in the domain of our empirical study, prefer producers in vaguely bounded categories (Pontikes 2012). each producer adds the same third label, then the member of the constraining category ends up with lower intrinsic appeal in that label as compared to the member of the more lenient category.…”

“…Venture capitalist investors may influence an organization to add or drop market categories (Pontikes 2012). Therefore we also control for whether the organization has recently received venture capital financing.…”

“…This focus cuts a layer of complexity that arises because different audiences have different perspectives on classification (Pontikes 2012;Hsu and Elsbach 2013). For example, RottenTomatoes.com and IMDb.com agree in classifying Mel Brooks's sendup of the western Blazing Saddles as <comedy> and <western>.…”

“…These analyses depend on an assumption that the language is common within the audience, otherwise it would be feckless to search for the kinds of effects our theory yields. The degree to which this assumption characterizes audiences of interest is an interesting and important topic in its own right (Pontikes 2012;Koçak et al 2014). But we do not address it here.…”

“…This question is especially important because different audiences can have different preferences regarding classification (Pontikes 2012). We compared claims claimed in press releases and company websites from the same time period (recorded in the archived web) and those claimed in annual reports (10-K forms) for public companies.…”