“…Before the deep learning era, different local shape and texture information including the LBP, geometric properties, shape profiles, bag of words, Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), colors, and many more have been described in the literature [32], [33], [13], [34], [26], [14], [35], [36]. Most of these conventional feature descriptors are used for recognizing the human faces, emotions, hand-shape, palmprint, skin lesions, and other biometric modality and object categories.…”