Two-Step Separation of Chitin from Shrimp Shells Using Citric Acid and Deep Eutectic Solvents with the Assistance of Microwave

Zhao, Dandan; Huang, Wen‐Can; Guo, Na; Zhang, Shuye; Xue, Changhu; Mao, Xiangzhao

doi:10.3390/polym11030409

Cited by 104 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, physical-assisted methods can be combined with chemical or biological methods to take advantage of their respective advantages. For example, green solvents, such as DESs [51] or glycerol, could be used in microwave processes. Microwave radiation not only shortens the reaction time for extracting chitin and chitosan, but it also greatly reduces the amount of acid or alkali in the reaction with the addition of green solvents.…”

Section: Physical-assisted Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Chitin Biomass: A Review

Zhou

Shen

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Chitin biomass, a rich renewable resource, is the second most abundant natural polysaccharide after cellulose. Conversion of chitin biomass to high value-added chemicals can play a significant role in alleviating the global energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this review, the recent achievements in converting chitin biomass to high-value chemicals, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), under different conditions using chitin, chitosan, glucosamine, and N-acetylglucosamine as raw materials are summarized. Related research on pretreatment technology of chitin biomass is also discussed. New approaches for transformation of chitin biomass to HMF are also proposed. This review promotes the development of industrial technologies for degradation of chitin biomass and preparation of HMF. It also provides insight into a sustainable future in terms of renewable resources.

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Section: Physical-assisted Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Chitin Biomass: A Review

Zhou

Shen

et al. 2020

Molecules

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“…The use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has been reported for the chitin extraction, dissolution, processing, and formation of films and nanofibers due to their interesting properties. DESs are a mixture of a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) species that present a eutectic point temperature below that of an ideal liquid mixture .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

α‐Chitin dissolution, N‐deacetylation and valorization in deep eutectic solvents

et al. 2020

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Chitin displays a highly rigid structure due to the vast intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonding, thus hindering its dissolution and deacetylation using most solvents. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are special and environmentally friendly solvents composed of a hydrogen bond acceptor and a hydrogen bond donor. This allows them to dissolve chitin by disturbing its natural hydrogen bonding while establishing new bonds, hence turning the polymer more susceptible to solvents. Therefore, four distinct DESs (choline chloride-lactic acid ([Ch]Cl:LA), choline chloride: oxalic acid ([Ch]Cl:OA), choline chloride:urea ([Ch]Cl:U) and betaine-glycerol (Bet:G))were applied in chitin dissolution, being the most performant ones further applied in its homogenous N-deacetylation with NaOH. In this work, a milder and more biocompatible approach was carried out by using 30 wt% NaOH at 80 C, instead of the typical ≥40 wt% NaOH at temperatures ≥100 C. Herein, the reaction process took up to 18 hours, being the results analyzed through ATR-FTIR. Chitin was converted into chitosan with a 70-80% degree of deacetylation (DDA) in a short period while using homogenous conditions. These promising results provide the first proof of concept of the ability of Bet:G and [Ch]Cl:LA-based DESs to be used as a greener approach for the chitin homogeneous N-deacetylation. K E Y W O R D S chitin valorization, chitosan biopolymer, deep eutectic solvent, homogeneous chitin N-deacetylation, sustainable process

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“…In the following studies, accordingly, we used AMIMBr solutions as media for facile acylation and self-assembled regeneration of chitin to successfully produce chitin esters and nanochitins [22][23][24][25][26]. The presence of Recently, some deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as analogs of ILs, mainly composed of choline chloride, have also been found to dissolve chitin [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. DESs are fluids formed by adequate mixtures of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), which are capable of self-association through hydrogen bonding interactions to form eutectics with lower melting points (mps) in comparison to each individual component [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution of Chitin in Deep Eutectic Solvents Composed of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids and Thiourea

2019

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Chitin is an abundant organic resource but shows poor solubility, leading to difficulty in utilization as materials. We have already reported that an ionic liquid (IL), 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, dissolves chitin at concentrations up to ca. 5 wt %. However, the color of the resulting solution is blackened, mainly owing to the presence of bromide. On the other hand, some deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been already reported to dissolve chitin. In this study, we found that DESs composed of imidazolium ILs and thiourea dissolved chitin without obvious coloring. DESs are systems formed from eutectic mixtures of hydrogen bond accepters and donors. We first prepared DESs by heating mixtures of imidazolium ILs with thiourea at 100 °C for 30 min with stirring. Predetermined amounts of chitin were then added to the DESs, and for the dissolution, the mixtures were left standing at room temperature for 24 h, followed by heating at 100 °C for 24 h with stirring. The dissolution processes were evaluated by CCD camera views, which revealed in most cases the dissolution of chitin at 2–5 wt % concentrations with the present DESs.

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Two-Step Separation of Chitin from Shrimp Shells Using Citric Acid and Deep Eutectic Solvents with the Assistance of Microwave

Cited by 104 publications

References 41 publications

Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Chitin Biomass: A Review

Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Chitin Biomass: A Review

α‐Chitin dissolution, N‐deacetylation and valorization in deep eutectic solvents

Dissolution of Chitin in Deep Eutectic Solvents Composed of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids and Thiourea

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