Two types of interneurons in the cat visual thalamus are distinguished by morphology, synaptic connections, and nitric oxide synthase content

Me, Bickford; Wb, Carden; Patel, Naiya

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19991011)413:1<83::aid-cne6>3.0.co;2-e

Cited by 42 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…LINs in the dLGN have been studied for decades in a range of species including cats, primates and rodents (Bickford et al, 1999(Bickford et al, , 2010Blitz and Regehr, 2005;Bloomfield and Sherman, 1989;Cox and Beatty, 2017;Cox, 2012, 2013;Dankowski and Bickford, 2003;Halnes et al, 2011;Hámori et al, 1974;Hamos et al, 1985;Hirsch et al, 2015;Lam et al, 2005;Pasik et al, 1973Pasik et al, , 1976Seabrook et al, 2013;Wilson, 1989). Our connectivity map of a LIN in the mouse dLGN is broadly consistent with the conclusions reached in this body of work.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

An individual interneuron participates in many kinds of inhibition and innervates much of the mouse visual thalamus

Morgan

Lichtman

2019

Preprint

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One way to assess a neuron's function is to describe all its inputs and outputs. With this goal in mind, we used serial section electron microscopy to map 899 synaptic inputs and 623 outputs in one inhibitory interneuron in a large volume of the mouse visual thalamus. This neuron innervated 256 thalamocortical cells spread across functionally distinct subregions of the visual thalamus. All but one of its neurites were bifunctional, innervating thalamocortical and local interneurons while also receiving synapses from the retina. We observed a wide variety of local synaptic motifs. While this neuron innervated many cells weakly, with single en passant synapses, it also deployed specialized branches that climbed along other dendrites to form strong multi-synaptic connections with a subset of partners. This neuron's diverse range of synaptic relationships allows it to participate in a mix of global and local processing but defies assigning it a single circuit function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

An individual interneuron participates in many kinds of inhibition and innervates much of the mouse visual thalamus

Morgan

Lichtman

2019

Preprint

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“…In tree shrew tissue, the GABA antibody stains a subset of neurons in the dorsal thalamus and cortex . This labeling pattern is consistent with other GABAergic markers used in a variety of species (Bickford et al, 1999).…”

Section: Antibody Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Synaptic organization of striate cortex projections in the tree shrew: A comparison of the claustrum and dorsal thalamus

Day-Brown

Slusarczyk

Zhou

et al. 2016

J of Comparative Neurology

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The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) striate cortex is reciprocally connected with the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), the ventral pulvinar nucleus (Pv), and the claustrum. In the Pv and dLGN, striate cortex projections are thought to either strongly “drive”, or more subtly “modulate” activity patterns respectively. To provide clues to the function of the claustrum, we compared the synaptic arrangements of striate cortex projections to the dLGN, Pv and claustrum using anterograde tracing and electron microscopy. Tissue was additionally stained with antibodies against gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) to identify GABAergic interneurons and nonGABAergic projection cells. The size of striate cortex terminals was largest in the Pv (0.94 ± 0.08 μm2), intermediate in the claustrum (0.34 ± 0.02 μm2) and smallest in the dLGN (0.24 ± 0.01 μm2). Contacts on interneurons were most common in the Pv (39%), intermediate in the claustrum (15%) and least common in the dLGN (12%). In the claustrum, nonGABAergic terminals (0.34 ± 0.01 μm2) and striate cortex terminals were not significantly different in size. The largest terminals in the claustrum were GABAergic (0.51 ± 0.02 μm2) and these terminals contacted dendrites and somata that were significantly larger (1.90 ± 0.30 μm2) than those contacted by cortex or nonGABAergic terminals (0.28 ± 0.02 μm2 and 0.25 ± 0.02 μm2 respectively). Our results indicate that the synaptic organization of the claustrum does not correspond with a driver/modulator framework. Instead, the circuitry of the claustrum suggests an integration of convergent cortical inputs, gated by GABAergic circuits.

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“…Class III interneurons are primarily contacted by RL profiles and, in turn, target appendages and large-caliber dendrites of thalamocortical cells. Class V interneurons are primarily contacted by RS profiles and, in turn, contact small-caliber dendrites of thalamocortical cells by means of widespread dendritic arbors (Bickford et al, 1999;Carden and Bickford, 2002). Our present results confirm that RS and RL profiles originating from area 7 both contact interneurons; presumably class V and class III interneurons, respectively (Fig.…”

Section: Two Types Of Corticopulvinar Cells and Fibers And Their Relamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural analysis of projections to the pulvinar nucleus of the cat. I: Middle suprasylvian gyrus (areas 5 and 7)

et al. 2005

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The mammalian pulvinar nucleus (PUL) establishes heavy interconnections with the parietal lobe, but the precise nature of these connections is only partially understood. To examine the distribution of corticopulvinar cells in the cat, we injected the PUL with retrograde tracers. Corticopulvinar cells were located in layers V and VI of a wide variety of cortical areas, with a major concentration of cells in area 7. To examine the morphology and distribution of corticopulvinar terminals, we injected cortical areas 5 or 7 with anterograde tracers. The majority of corticopulvinar axons were thin fibers (type I) with numerous diffuse small boutons. Thicker (type II) axons with fewer, larger boutons were also present. Boutons of type II axons formed clusters within restricted regions of the PUL. We examined corticopulvinar terminals labeled from area 7 at the ultrastructural level in tissue stained for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). By correlating the size of the presynaptic and postsynaptic profiles, we were able to quantitatively divide the labeled terminals into two categories: small and large (RS and RL, respectively). The RS terminals predominantly innervated small-caliber non-GABAergic (thalamocortical cell) dendrites, whereas the RL terminals established complex synaptic arrangements with dendrites of both GABAergic interneurons and non-GABAergic cells. Interpretation of these results using Sherman and Guillery's recent theories of thalamic organization (Sherman and Guillery [1998] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:7121-7126) suggests that area 7 may both drive and modulate PUL activity. Indexing termscortex; thalamus; visual system; sensorimotor; ultrastructure The feline pulvinar nucleus (PUL) receives input from a wide array of cortical areas (Raczkowski and Rosenquist, 1983) as well as the pretectum (PT;Berman, 1977;Berson and Graybiel, 1978;Schmidt et al., 2001;Baldauf et al., 2005). However, the contribution of these inputs to the response properties of PUL neurons is unknown. The cells of the PUL have large visual receptive fields that often lack clear boundaries; they respond more robustly to diffuse illumination than to small visual cues (Godfraind et al., 1972;Mason, 1981 by saccadic eye movements. Sudkamp and Schmidt (2000) identified three general classes of neurons in the feline PUL: "S" neurons are active during saccadic eye movements, "V" neurons are responsive to visual stimuli and unresponsive to eye movements, and "SV" neurons respond to both stationary ON and OFF stimuli and to sudden stimulus shifts.These response properties are similar in many respects to those of neurons in the parietal cortex, an area that establishes extensive reciprocal connections with the PUL (de V Clüver and Campos-Ortega, 1969;Heath and Jones, 1971;Robertson and Cunningham, 1981;Niimi et al., 1983;Raczkowski and Rosenquist, 1983;Avendaño et al., 1985;Olson and Lawler, 1987). In the cat, these cortical areas are primarily located within the middle suprasylvian gyrus (MSg) or cytoarchitectonically in areas 5 and 7 (Gu...

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Two types of interneurons in the cat visual thalamus are distinguished by morphology, synaptic connections, and nitric oxide synthase content

Cited by 42 publications

References 64 publications

An individual interneuron participates in many kinds of inhibition and innervates much of the mouse visual thalamus

An individual interneuron participates in many kinds of inhibition and innervates much of the mouse visual thalamus

Synaptic organization of striate cortex projections in the tree shrew: A comparison of the claustrum and dorsal thalamus

Ultrastructural analysis of projections to the pulvinar nucleus of the cat. I: Middle suprasylvian gyrus (areas 5 and 7)

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