Type 2 diabetes and bone fractures

Moseley, Kendall F.

doi:10.1097/med.0b013e328350a6e1

Cited by 113 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 112 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Many low-grade inflammatory conditions are associated with low bone density, and inhibition of inflammation may protect against inflammation-induced bone loss [1][2][3][4]. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenolic compound (3,5,4 0 -trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) present in, for example, nuts and the skin of grapes, where it protects the plants against pathogens and other external stressors of the plant [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol Increases Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro Independently of Inflammation

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Low-grade inflammation negatively affects bone. Resveratrol is a natural compound proven to possess both anti-inflammatory and bone protective properties. However, it is uncertain if the bone effects are mediated though anti-inflammatory effects. Firstly, we investigated if resveratrol affects proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Secondly, we investigated if inflammation negatively affects proliferation and differentiation, and if resveratrol counteracts this through anti-inflammatory effects. Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from bone marrow aspiration in 13 healthy individuals and cultured towards the osteoblast cell lineage. The cells were stimulated with resveratrol, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + resveratrol, or vehicle (control) for 21 days. Compared to control, resveratrol decreased cell number by 35 % (p < 0.05) and induced differentiation (a 3-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.002), while P1NP and OPG showed similar trends). LPS induced inflammation with a 44-fold increase in interleukin-6 (p < 0.05) and an extremely prominent increase in interleukin-8 production (p < 0.05) relative to control. In addition, LPS increased cell count (p < 0.05) and decreased differentiation (a reduction in P1NP production (p < 0.02)). Co-stimulation with LPS + resveratrol did not reduce interleukin-6 or interleukin-8, but nonetheless, cell count was reduced (p < 0.05) and alkaline phosphatase, P1NP, and OPG increased (p < 0.05 for all). Thus, resveratrol stimulates osteoblast differentiation independently of inflammation.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol Increases Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro Independently of Inflammation

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both in animals and humans, increased BAT activity is associated with improved glucose metabolism, and protection against type 2 diabetes, a disease state linked with an increased risk of fractures. 56,57 It is therefore likely that an improved metabolic status, mediated by BAT, would be positive on bone metabolism and reduce the risk of fractures. Hence, as a bonus, BAT-inducing therapies aiming at expanding or activating BAT to treat metabolic disease might also turn out to improve skeletal status.…”

Section: The Connection Between Bat and Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Brown adipose tissue and bone

Lidell

Enerbäck

2015

Int J Obes Supp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ME Lidell and S EnerbäckBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is capable of transforming chemically stored energy, in the form of triglycerides, into heat. Recent studies have shown that metabolically active BAT is present in a large proportion of adult humans, where its activity correlates with a favorable metabolic status. Hence, the tissue is now regarded as an interesting target for therapies against obesity and associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes, the hypothesis being that an induction of BAT would be beneficial for these disease states. Apart from the association between BAT activity and a healthier metabolic status, later studies have also shown a positive correlation between BAT volume and both bone cross-sectional area and bone mineral density, suggesting that BAT might stimulate bone anabolism. The aim of this review is to give the reader a brief overview of the BAT research field and to summarize and discuss recent findings regarding BAT being a potential player in bone metabolism.

show abstract

“…In most patients with T2D, aBMD is either normal or high; yet skeletal fragility, particularly in the appendicular skeleton, is a characteristic feature. (8,16) Newer techniques for skeletal microarchitecture have allowed investigators to identify several unique aspects of the appendicular and axial skeleton from T2D patients. These include greater cortical porosity, smaller cortical area, decreased bone material strength measured by microindentation, and high bone marrow adiposity.…”

Section: Clinical Insight Into the Effect Of Disordered Glucose And Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Excess, Glucose Utilization, and Skeletal Remodeling: New Insights

Lecka‐Czernik

Rosen

2015

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Skeletal complications have recently been recognized as another of the several comorbidities associated with diabetes. Clinical studies suggest that disordered glucose and lipid metabolism have a profound effect on bone. Diabetes-related changes in skeletal homeostasis result in a significant increased risk of fractures, although the pathophysiology may differ from postmenopausal osteoporosis. Efforts to understand the underlying mechanisms of diabetic bone disease have focused on the direct interaction of adipose tissue with skeletal remodeling and the potential influence of glucose utilization and energy uptake on these processes. One aspect that has emerged recently is the major role of the central nervous system in whole-body metabolism, bone turnover, adipose tissue remodeling, and beta cell secretion of insulin. Importantly, the skeleton contributes to the metabolic balance inherent in physiologic states. New animal models have provided the insights necessary to begin to dissect the effects of obesity and insulin resistance on the acquisition and maintenance of bone mass. In this Perspective, we focus on potential mechanisms that underlie the complex interactions between adipose tissue and skeletal turnover by focusing on the clinical evidence and on preclinical studies indicating that glucose intolerance may have a significant impact on the skeleton. In addition, we raise fundamental questions that need to be addressed in future studies to resolve the conundrum associated with glucose intolerance, obesity, and osteoporosis. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. KEY WORDS: BONE-FAT INTERACTIONS; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; BONE INTERACTORS; CELL/TISSUE SIGNALING; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF/RELATED TO BONE Clinical Insight Into the Effect of Disordered Glucose and Lipids Homeostasis on BoneD iabetes mellitus (DM) can be considered a disease of intracellular glucose starvation in muscle and fat, due to either lack of insulin (Type 1 [T1D]) or impaired insulin action (Type 2 [T2D]). Both types of DM are associated with an increase in fractures; however, the skeletal phenotype is very different. T1D patients have reduced bone mineral density (BMD), due to insulin and amylin deficiency, whereas T2D patients have either normal or high BMD. T2D is a disease of disordered energy storage as well as glucose intolerance and altered bone strength. Its prevalence is high and not abating. In the United States, 29.1 million people-9.3% of the population-have diabetes; among them, nearly 60% are characterized as obese (http://www.cdc.gov). Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of T2D in liver, muscle, and fat, leading to glucose intolerance, elevated cardiometabolic risk factors (eg, low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol), and excess hepatic glucose output. Visceral adipocytes, in particular, are large and surrounded by fibrous and inflammatory elements.In clinical medicine a major paradox is the relationship of obesity to the skeleton. Obese individuals tend to have higher...

show abstract

Type 2 diabetes and bone fractures

Cited by 113 publications

References 112 publications

Resveratrol Increases Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro Independently of Inflammation

Resveratrol Increases Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro Independently of Inflammation

Brown adipose tissue and bone

Energy Excess, Glucose Utilization, and Skeletal Remodeling: New Insights

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About