Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the frequency of microalbuminuria in patients withtype 2 diabetes mellitus with retinopathy. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Out PatientDepartment Nishtar Hospital Multan. Period: June 2015 to December 2015. Methodology:Sample size of 296 was calculated according to formula. Results: Of these 300 study cases,179 (59.7%) were male while 121 (40.3%) were female patients. Mean age of our study caseswas 52.10 ± 5.65 years (with minimum age was 42 years while maximum age was 60 years).Majority of our study cases had low educational level such as illiterate i.e. 60 (20%), primaryeducation in 71 (23.7%) secondary education 53.3% while only 3 % had bachelor’s degree orabove. Mean duration of diabetes was 14.18 ± 2.73 years (with minimum duration of disease10 years and 19 years was maximum duration of the disease). Among these patients Grade IIIdiabetic retinopathy was more prevalent i.e. 149 (49.7%) followed by grade IV retinopathy i.e.100 (33.3%) and grade11 retinopathy (17%). Diabetes was controlled (HbA1c<7%) in only 81(27%) of our study cases and obesity (BMI>30kg/m2) was present in 101 (33.7%) of our studycases. Microalbuminuria was present in 121(40.3% of our study cases. Conclusion: Very highfrequency of microalbuminuria was noted in patients with diabetic retinopathy in our study.