Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenic Features and Experimental Models in Rodents

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common endocrine disorder (90%) in the world; it has numerous clinical, immunological, and genetic differences from type 1 diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of T2DM is complex and not fully clear. To date, animal models remain the main tool by which to study the pathophysiology and therapy of T2DM. Rodents are considered the best choice among animal models, because they are characterized by a small size, short induction period, easy diabetes induction, and economic efficiency. This review summarizes data on experimental models of T2DM that are currently used, evaluates their advantages and disadvantages vis-a-vis research, and describes in detail the factors that should be taken into account when using these models. Selection of a suitable model for tackling a particular issue is not always trivial; it affects study results and their interpretation.

Development, regeneration, and physiological expansion of functional β-cells: Cellular sources and regulators

“…Chemically induced diabetes rodent models are primarily used due to easily induced diabetes, a short induction period, and cost-effectiveness ( Furman, 2021 ). Relevant data on such rodent models are summarized in reviews by Gvazava et al ( Gvazava et al, 2018 ; 2022 ). However, traditionally, models based on pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) and partial pancreatectomy were used to study β-cell regeneration, demonstrating the fundamental possibility of pancreatic regeneration.…”

Association Between the Hepatic Steatosis Index and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Normoglycemic Population:A Longitudinal Prospective Study in Japan

“… 1 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), in particular, accounts for 90% of all diabetes cases. 2 Annually, over a million people succumb to diabetes, ranking it as the ninth leading cause of death. 3 The cost of diabetes care surpasses per capita healthcare expenditure by a minimum of 3.2 times, escalating to 9.4 times when complications arise.…”