Typical and atypical mast cells of the rat gastrointestinal system: Distribution and correlation with tissue histamine

Saavedra-Delgado, Ana Maria; Turpin, Stephen; Metcalfe, Dean D.

doi:10.1007/bf01966825

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Cultured cells were spun onto glass slides in a cytocentrifuge (Shandon Southern Instruments Inc., Sewickley, PA), allowed to air dry, and stained with Wright-Giemsa on an Ames Hematek automated slide stainer (Miles Laboratories Inc., Naperville, IL). Other slides were stained with acid toluidine blue (21).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early expression of high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc epsilon RI) during differentiation of mouse mast cells and human basophils.

Thompson

Metcalfe²,

Kinét³

1990

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early expression of high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc epsilon RI) during differentiation of mouse mast cells and human basophils.

Thompson

Metcalfe²,

Kinét³

1990

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Mast cell numbers and histamine content in small intestine have been studied [8,11,12,[17][18][19] but there are no detailed data to substantiate this hypothesis. Variations in blood flow and in blood vessel numbers have been reported [20] but there are no correlations with anaphylaxis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Small Intestinal Lesions in Anaphylaxis of Rats

Levine

Saltzman

1998

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Hemorrhage and congestion were not uniformly distributed along the small intestine during systemic anaphylaxis in rats. Duodenum had little hemorrhage and congestion and the terminal ileum had even less. Maximum involvement occurred in jejunum of 13% of rats, in ileum of 47%, and in both jejunum and ileum of 40%. Sequential scoring along the entire length of small intestine revealed different patterns of distribution with more than one peak of intensity in some of the rats. Within a lesioned area, banding was common except where hemorrhage and congestion were so severe as to obliterate all patterns. Banding represented a gradient of injury with respect to the vascular supply. The pale stripes (less severe hemorrhage) contained the penetrating vessels derived from the terminal mesenteric arcades. The dark stripes (more severe hemorrhage) did not contain such vessels. In addition, the mesenteric side of the intestine was less affected than the antimesenteric side. This constituted a second gradient that might also be related to the distance from the vascular supply. In both instances, proximity to larger blood vessels had a protective effect. These two gradients and the variable sites and patterns of distribution have not been described previously in intestinal anaphylaxis. Gradients and the variability of the distribution of lesions in intestinal anaphylaxis should be considered in experiments on pathogenesis and altered function.

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“…They appear together in structured complexes that allow components such as histamine to be rapidly disassociated upon contact with the extracellular environment. Tissue mast cells account for most histamine found within normal tissues, with the exception of the upper gastrointestinal tract 21 and central nervous system. Serotonin is found within rodent mast cells in significant quantities, while human mast cells contain much less serotonin.…”

Section: Human Mast Cell Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast cells and mastocytosis

Metcalfe

2008

Blood

489

515

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IntroductionMast cells have a rather unique position among cells of the immune response. Their progenitors are bone marrow derived, yet under normal conditions appear in the mature state only within vascularized tissues, where they are long-lived. Mast cells appear historically ancient, 1 yet their roles in mammalian biology, including disease pathogeneses and host defense mechanisms, often remain speculative and based on in vitro studies and animal models 2-4 with 2 primary exceptions-IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions and mastocytosis. Complicating the understanding of the role of mast cells in human biology is that while other normal human immune cell functions often become more obvious in the absence of a specific cell type, such as with agranulocytosis, or in the absence of normal function of a specific pathway, as in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) associated with defective lymphocyte Fas-mediated apoptosis, the single similar situation involving mast cells and human disease characterized to date is mastocytosis, resulting from disturbed control of mast cell proliferation.Mast cell research initially relied upon observation on mast cell appearance and numbers in tissue biopsies, sometimes correlated with tissue histamine levels. With time, methods were developed to obtain and study mast cells ex vivo. The most common protocols relied on obtaining mast cells from the peritoneal cavity of rodents, or enrichment of mast cells from tissue digests. These approaches initiated modern mast cell biology with the first work on histamine, slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), and other mast cell-derived mediators including proteases, and the early studies on the mechanisms of mast cell signal transduction. In more recent years, and with the identification of key mast cell growth factors, investigators have discovered how to culture mast cells in vitro from pluripotential precursors (Figure 1). This development has facilitated the further study of human mast cell gene expression, signal transduction, and production of mediators relevant to inflammation. HistoryThe most striking feature of mast cells is that their cytoplasm is filled with dense metachromatic granules that stain red or violet when treated with basic aniline dyes. Using this "metachromasia," Ehrlich in 1878 first clearly described mast cells or "mastzellen" (maestung-a root of the English word mastication; the active form "measten" is still in use). 5 He speculated that these granules were the product of overfeeding (die mast). Ehrlich also noted the tendency of mast cells to be associated with blood vessels, nerves, and glandular ducts. These observations contributed to Ehrlich's Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1908. In 1894, Unna reported that the cutaneous lesions termed urticaria pigmentosa (UP) were associated with increased mast cells below each lesion. 6 Thus, by the end of the 19th century, mast cells had been recognized both in the normal state and associated with pathology.Following a number of reports that ma...

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Typical and atypical mast cells of the rat gastrointestinal system: Distribution and correlation with tissue histamine

Cited by 50 publications

References 18 publications

Early expression of high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc epsilon RI) during differentiation of mouse mast cells and human basophils.

Early expression of high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc epsilon RI) during differentiation of mouse mast cells and human basophils.

Distribution of Small Intestinal Lesions in Anaphylaxis of Rats

Mast cells and mastocytosis

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