U.S. Air Force Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet (HRJ) Fuel Research

Edwards, James T.; Shafer, Linda; Klein, James K

doi:10.21236/ada579552

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…As for the core-shell USY@Al-SBA-15, its medium/strong acidity was about 1.5 times that of the mesoporous Al-SBA-15 zeolite and less than that of USY. But the selectivity for C [4][5][6][7][8] hydrocarbons further decreased to 41.3 % and the selectivity for C [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] hydrocarbons significantly increased up to 35.7 %. These results indicate that the core-shell USY@Al-SBA-15 catalyst could significantly enhance the selective cracking for jet-range hydrocarbons by tailoring the acidity distribution in the mesopores.…”

Section: Influence Of the Support On The Hydroconversion Of Wcomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors have led to the development of renewable and clean fuels produced from alternative sources [1][2][3][4]. Research on the conversion of biomass-based resources to biofuels is of current interest [4][5][6][7]. The main concern is the production of bio-jet fuel from renewable resources with a relatively low greenhouse gas life cycle and with sustainability at an affordable price [4,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydroconversion of Waste Cooking Oil into Bio‐Jet Fuel over a Hierarchical NiMo/USY@Al‐SBA‐15 Zeolite

et al. 2018

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The direct conversion of waste cooking oil (WCO) into bio-jet fuel was investigated over a core-shell hierarchical USY@Al-SBA-15 zeolite-supported NiMo catalyst. The core-shell structure showed better acid and pore size distributions. The synergetic effect of the core-shell micropore and mesopore structure significantly contributed to enhancing the selectivity for the jet fuel (C 9-15 hydrocarbons) from 9.3 % over NiMo/USY up to 35.7 % over NiMo/USY@Al-SBA-15, with high isomerization (iso-/n-paraffins ratio = 2.7) and moderate aromatic fraction (18.7 %). The decarboxylation reaction was selectively enhanced. Optimal selectivity for jet fuel (39.7 %) was obtained at 380°C and a high H 2 /oil ratio would decrease the yield of jet fuel. This catalyst showed excellent stability for the hydroconversion of WCO to hydrocarbons.

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Section: Influence Of the Support On The Hydroconversion Of Wcomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroconversion of Waste Cooking Oil into Bio‐Jet Fuel over a Hierarchical NiMo/USY@Al‐SBA‐15 Zeolite

et al. 2018

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“…The hydrodeoxygenation step is followed by isomerization and cracking to get fuel of desired specifications like low temperature properties [83]. Hydroprocessing results in the formation of clean paraffinic fuels with high thermal stability, no aromatics and suphur and they are generally mentioned as hydroprocessed renewable jet fuels (HRJs) [84]. In the hydrodeoxygenation method, oxygen is most preferably removed as water and propane is one of the byproducts [85].…”

Section: Hydroprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aviation biofuel from renewable resources: Routes, opportunities and challenges

Hari

Yaakob

Balasubramanian

2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

326

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“…27,28,44). We now use the approach to extract quantitative VSP and virtual TSI values for the highly paraffinic hydrotreated renewable jet fuel (HRJ) POSF 7720 22 , which is based on camelina sativa biomass feedstock. Initial D1322 measurements indicated that the SP of this fuel exceeds the 50 mm limit of the standard SP apparatus.…”

Section: B Vsps Of Alternative Kerosenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Virtual” Smoke Point Determination of Alternative Aviation Kerosenes by Threshold Sooting Index TSI) Methods

Haas¹,

Qin²,

Dryer³

2014

50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference

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One benefit attributable to blending of alternative jet fuels into conventional petroderived kerosenes is reduced sooting tendency relative to the conventional unblended kerosenes. This benefit is largely due to the lower aromatics content of the alternative fuels/blends, and it is desirable with respect to sooting tendency limits embedded in aviation turbine fuel specifications (e.g., ASTM D1655 and D7566). However, the relatively high smoke points of many alternative jet fuels are not directly measurable by the prevailing ASTM D1322 smoke point (SP) method and its international variants. This frustrates characterization of these alternative fuels and prediction of their blending properties. The present work addresses an extrapolative "virtual" smoke point (VSP) technique for determination of smoke points compatible with the ASTM D1322 standard. Importantly, this compatibility removes the significant ambiguity historically associated with measurements of non-standard smoke points, herein categorically designated SP*. The VSP approach invokes the linear-by-mole blending functional basis of the Threshold Sooting Index (TSI), which has been empirically demonstrated in the literature for both defined molecular species and complex hydrocarbon fluids. If the average molecular weights (MWs) of the blending component fuels are known, then the VSPs of low-sooting tendency fuels can be forecast using D1322 SP measurements. This is demonstrated here for iso-octane and ndodecane as illustrative pure-component test fuels, as well as the full boiling range POSF 7720, a camelina sativa-derived hydrotreated jet fuel (HRJ). In part, the approach is facilitated by the ability to easily determine the average molecular weight of a fuel using a method recently developed by this laboratory. Nomenclature a = device-dependent parameter for calculation of TSI (molmm/g) b = device-dependent parameter for calculation of TSI (-) m i-j = slope of linear-by-mole TSI blending rule for fuels i and j (-) MW = (mixture-average) molecular weight (g/mol) r = repeatability limit of the ASTM D1322 smoke point method (mm) SP = ASTM D1322 smoke point (mm) SP* = non-standard, device-dependent smoke point used in general definition of TSI (mm) TSI = threshold sooting index (-) VSP = "virtual" smoke point (mm) X i = (molar) blend fraction of fuel i (-) γ i-j = slope of linear-by-mole MW/SP blending rule for fuels i and j (g/mol/mm) δ = fuel i intercept of linear-by-mole MW/SP blending rule for fuels i and j (g/mol/mm) 1

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U.S. Air Force Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet (HRJ) Fuel Research

Abstract: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

Hydroconversion of Waste Cooking Oil into Bio‐Jet Fuel over a Hierarchical NiMo/USY@Al‐SBA‐15 Zeolite

Hydroconversion of Waste Cooking Oil into Bio‐Jet Fuel over a Hierarchical NiMo/USY@Al‐SBA‐15 Zeolite

Aviation biofuel from renewable resources: Routes, opportunities and challenges

“Virtual” Smoke Point Determination of Alternative Aviation Kerosenes by Threshold Sooting Index TSI) Methods

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