"U. S. Hispanic Autobiography." The Americas Review

Woods, Richard D.; Olivares, Julián

doi:10.2307/342836

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Deposits of fluorinated PPA inside the processing equipment can be essentially reduced and the accumulation of static electrical charge at the PE surface can be avoided as well as the amounts of fluorinated polymers needed to suppress sharkskin in extrusion of LLDPE can be diminished (by about a factor of three) if polyethylene glycol (PEG) is added to the polymeric material together with the fluorinated PPA. The use of such synergistic combinations is well known, see e.g [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. PPAs consisting of blends of PEG with fluorinated polymers for extrusion of PO resins are available commercially under trade names of Kynar, Dynamar, and Viton.…”

Section: Conventional Polymer Processing Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low viscous hydrophilic processing additives for extrusion of polyethylene at reduced temperatures

Kulikov

Hornung

Wagner

2010

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Industry is using fluorinated polymer processing additives (PPA) to delay the onset of sharkskin to higher rates of extrusion of PE resins. Yet it is necessary to keep elevated temperatures during extrusion to reduce apparent melt viscosity. We propose to use low viscous PPA made from reacting mixtures of polyethylene glycol with organic polyacids, phosphoric acid, and polyesters of oxiacids of Phosphorus. Surprisingly, extrusion pressures and apparent viscosity with the novel PPA at reduced temperatures are less, than at elevated temperatures. In total, extrusion pressures can be reduced 2-5 times for concentrations of PPA from 0.1 to 0.5 wt%, while sharkskin melt fracture can be eliminated for concentrations of PPA above 0.02 wt%. Extrusion with the novel PPA at reduced temperatures potentially increases productivity, reduces production cost, and allows processing of PE resins of higher MW and highly filled polymer composites.The use of novel PPA is a challenging opportunity to simplify processing of PO resins. The use of low viscous PEG in the composition of PPA with existing machinery has to be combined with changes in the die design for film blowing, blow molding, and pipe extrusion to extract

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Section: Conventional Polymer Processing Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%