Über das Verspritzen von Grewebsteilen aus Einschußöffnungen und seine kriminalistische Bedeutung

Weimann, Waldemar

doi:10.1007/bf02252047

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The force inside the cranium was also sufficient to expel large amounts of brain tissue, bone fragments and blood. Some of this extensive backspatter travelled more than 4 m, which is a very long distance compared to experimental findings [2,4] and case reports [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Atypical gunshot entrance wound and extensive backspatter

Verhoff

Karger

2003

International Journal of Legal Medicine

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This case report describes a suicidal gunshot to the head using a solid hollow-point bullet (Quick Defense). There was an irregular skin defect measuring 16 x 6 cm on the right side of the head and a bone defect of 9 x 6 cm while a 1.2 x 0.7 cm skin defect was located at the left temple. This atypical wound morphology caused confusion at the scene but during autopsy, a muzzle imprint and an abrasion ring were found in the frontal aspect of the large skin defect in the right temporoparietal region, which therefore had to be the entrance wound. In addition, extensive backspatter consisting of brain tissue, bone fragments and blood had been expelled from the huge entrance wound and had travelled up to a distance of 4.6 m. The extraordinary entrance wound cannot be fully explained by special anatomical or ballistic features such as a muzzle velocity of 420 m/s or the solid hollow-point design of the bullet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Atypical gunshot entrance wound and extensive backspatter

Verhoff

Karger

2003

International Journal of Legal Medicine

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“…This explanation anticipated the first observations that proved that blood from the entry wound spreads in a retrograde, conical shape toward the trigger hand and supporting hand. 6,9,14 Zwingli 7 concurred, observing that the droplets fanned out radially with increasing distance from the entry wound. This phenomenon was confirmed by the experiments conducted by Karger ( 11,15,16 and references therein) and the observations by Bevel and Gardner.…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

“…), is of importance as well as biologic material such as blood, fatty tissue, or brain tissue spattered onto the trigger hand or the supporting hand. [2][3][4][5][6] Concerning blood spatter on the hands, the literature and textbooks usually draw attention merely to the existence of these stains; in contrast to that in the crime scene investigation, the shape of individual droplets, as well as the larger pattern and alignment of spatter marks, is a subject only in rare cases. 7,8 Even specialists in bloodstain interpretation 9,10 limit themselves to a rough description of possible droplet arrangements on the hands.…”

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confidence: 99%

Blood-Spatter Patterns

Yen

Thali

Kneubuehl

et al. 2003

American Journal of Forensic Medicine &Amp; Pathology

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Biologic and nonbiologic traces on the hands are of particular importance for the forensic reconstruction of shooting incidents; gunpowder residue analysis in particular helps determine whether the gunshot is close range or distant. In crime scene investigation, knowledge about the morphology of bloodstain patterns-including gunshot-related back spatter-has increased since various experimental examinations have been performed in the last years; nowadays, these traces are frequently used for forensic crime scene reconstruction. The goal of this study was to deduce the position and orientation of the hands, and therefore the firearm, according to the bloodstain patterns on the hands of the deceased. For this purpose blood-spatter stains on the hands were examined on site in 5 suicides caused by gunshot. In all cases, forensically relevant conclusions regarding forensic reconstruction were enabled through close examination of the spatter marks. Therefore, in shooting incidents, analysis and documentation of blood-spatter findings on the hands is recommended before hands are tested for gunpowder residue or wrapped for the transport of the body.

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“…In an article on backspatter published in 1931, Weimann mentioned the observation of hunters concerning a light reflex when the game was hit by the bullet [ 22 ]. It was interpreted as a blood stream from the entry wound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then many forensic pathologists have investigated back spattered material on the hands, on the weapon, and inside the barrel after contact shots [e.g. 22,[27][28][29]. Experimental research used either biological targets (living rabbits [25], living calves [19], living pig and pig heads [15], human cadavers [30], ovine and bovine heads [21]) or blood soaked sponges [5,[31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of backspatter using high-speed video of experimental gunshots

Schyma

Baumann

Madea

et al. 2020

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Backspatter is biological material that is ejected from the entry wound against the line of fire. This phenomenon was also observed in wound ballistic simulations using so called "reference cubes" (12 cm edge length, 10% gelatin, 4 °C, paint pad beneath the cover). High-speed video records from 102 experimental shots to these target models using full metal jacketed bullets in the calibers .32 auto, .38 special, 9 mm Luger and .357 Magnum were analyzed for chronology, morphological appearance and velocity of fluid ejection. Generally, a short tail splashing of surface material occurred when the bullet was penetrating the target. In 51 shots from distance (≥ 5 cm), regardless of caliber and shot range, a linear jet of fluid started in connection with the first collapse of the temporary cavity. The initial velocity of the jet was measured between 6 and 45 m/s. The jet was streaming on for about 60 to 100 ms with a stochastic deviation of ± 13° to the horizontal. Close range and contact shots showed earlier and faster (up to 330 m/s) backspatter depending on the cartridge and the gap between muzzle and target. Gaseous aerosol-like spray and cone-like spatter indicated an increasing influence of muzzle gases with decreasing shot range. Even under standardized experimental conditions, variations of backspatter were observed in near/contact shots.

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Über das Verspritzen von Grewebsteilen aus Einschußöffnungen und seine kriminalistische Bedeutung

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Atypical gunshot entrance wound and extensive backspatter

Atypical gunshot entrance wound and extensive backspatter

Blood-Spatter Patterns

Study of backspatter using high-speed video of experimental gunshots

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