Über die Natur der Cellulose aus Getreidestroh

Heuser, Emil; Haug, Alfons

doi:10.1002/ange.19180313904

Cited by 11 publications

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“…However, non-detoxi®ed lignocellulosic hydrolysate contains substances that act as electron acceptors that regenerate NAD + . Furfural and HMF, which are formed by thermal degradation of pentoses (Antal et al, 1991;Dunlop, 1948) and hexoses (Antal et al, 1990;Heuser and Schott, 1923), respectively, are the two most common aldehydes (Larsson et al, 1999). These substances inhibit ethanolic glucose fermentation by causing longer lag phase (Taherzadeh et al, 2000a;Sanchez and Bautista, 1988) and lower growth rate (Boyer et al, 1992;Palmqvist et al, 1999b;Sanchez and Bautista, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aldehydes and ketones such as acetaldehyde, acetoin, and acetone have been reduced to ethanol, butanediol, and 2-propanol, respectively, under simultaneous conversion of NADH to NAD + and concomitant decrease in xylitol excretion. Lignocellulosic hydrolysates contain aldehydes, and the most common non-aromatic ones are furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (Heuser and Schott, 1923;Larsson et al, 1999). Furfural and HMF are reduced to furfuryl alcohol and 5-hydroxymethylfurfuryl alcohol (HMFAL), respectively, during yeast fermentation (Nemirovskii et al, 1989;Palmqvist et al, 1999a;Taherzadeh et al, 2000a;Villa et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Furfural, 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural, and acetoin act as external electron acceptors during anaerobic fermentation of xylose in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Wahlbom

Hahn‐Hägerdal

2002

Biotech & Bioengineering

168

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The electron acceptors acetoin, acetaldehyde, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were added to anaerobic batch fermentation of xylose by recombinant, xylose utilising Saccharomyces cerevisiae TMB 3001. The intracellular fluxes during xylose fermentation before and after acetoin addition were calculated with metabolic flux analysis. Acetoin halted xylitol excretion and decreased the flux through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. The yield of ethanol increased from 0.62 mol ethanol/mol xylose to 1.35 mol ethanol/mol xylose, and the cell more than doubled its specific ATP production after acetoin addition compared to fermentation of xylose only. This did, however, not result in biomass growth. The xylitol excretion was also decreased by furfural and acetaldehyde but was unchanged by HMF. Thus, furfural present in lignocellulosic hydrolysate can be beneficial for ethanolic fermentation of xylose. Enzymatic analyses showed that the reduction of acetoin and furfural required NADH, whereas the reduction of HMF required NADPH. The enzymatic activity responsible for furfural reduction was considerably higher than for HMF reduction and also in situ furfural conversion was higher than HMF conversion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Furfural, 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural, and acetoin act as external electron acceptors during anaerobic fermentation of xylose in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Wahlbom

Hahn‐Hägerdal

2002

Biotech & Bioengineering

168

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“…The chemical behaviour of these furfurol-yielding bodies also shows their resistibility. Heuser and Haug (14) found that treatment with boiling 6 per cent. caustic soda did not reduce the xylan content of straw below 9.7 per cent.…”

Section: The Figures Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

BIO‐CHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF CELLULOSIC MATERIALS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ACTION OF FUNGI¹

Rege

1927

Annals of Applied Biology

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Summary. In mature plant materials pentosans form the most important food for micro‐organisms. The Klober and Tollens method for the determination of pentosans is not specific for these compounds. While pentosans are easily attacked by micro‐organisms, the other furfurol‐yielding compounds are found to be resistant, and it is therefore essential to get a correct figure for pentosans. A possible method is suggested: to determine the furfuroids in the cellulose obtained by the chlorination method and to deduct this amount from the total furfuroids. Two factors appear to control the decomposition of ripe cellulosic materials in the presence of assimilable nitrogen. The one is the food, or, better termed, energy factor which is the pentosans, the other is the physical or inhibitory factor which is the lignin. It is found that if the ratio of energy factor to inhibitory factor is above 1, the material is easily decomposed; but if it is below 0.5, the material is very resistant to microbial attack. The prediction of the “decomposability” of a material is thus possible. Attempts to increase this ratio in resistant materials by the addition of carbohydrates proved unsuccessful. It was concluded that since micro‐organisms obtained their food materials outside the tissues, they did not attack the tissues until the more easily available food‐stuffs were exhausted. Thus the decomposition of the material was actually less than was possible under natural conditions. Mannose and galactose do not appear to form suitable food for the micro‐organisms concerned in these processes and it is concluded that the pentosan part of the hemi‐celluloses is most important as microbial food. The study of the relative importance of bacteria and fungi proves that under the conditions of these experiments, fungi play a more prominent part especially during the early stages of such decomposition. The study on the availability of the nitrogen of the fungal bodies proves it to be of the resistant type. It seems that at later stages of decomposition under natural conditions fungi are decomposed by other organisms. The ability of certain fungi isolated from such decomposing heaps, to grow at high temperature as well as on purified carbon constituents of plants, and also the presence of almost all the enzymes necessary to hydrolyse the complex carbon constituents, further confirm their importance. The possibility of their activity under natural conditions in manure heaps is strongly suggested.

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Über die Natur der Cellulose aus Getreidestroh

Heuser¹,

Haug²

1918

Angewandte Chemie

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Dentaohbnd und den n6rdliohen wie W h e n Gebiotun Knlllandr mit EirlschluB Sibiriena emcheinen. Riga ist eomit mch der 01%. .PO die dcuteche Rirtechaft Mnftig einen guten Teil jener hochd i g e n Waren hcrstellcn a4rd, dnrch welohen sie ihre beaondere Stellung auf dcm Weltmarkt einnimmt. Welche maligebende Be-~ deutnng a k r cine wuwnschdtlich-hhnisobe hhrtmatalt, gleichsam ein Nervenzentrum dea Wirtachaftaktirpem fiir einc solche Entwioklung hat. braucht in I)euteohlend nicht erst paohgcwiesou su werden. wie hi der Vergnngenheit wird 8UCh in Zukunft daa Baltkhe Polyteohnikiirn seine Lehrkriifte zu einem gnten Teil am dem Reioh heranziehen. Daduroh wird ein ate& erneuter Krcislauf geietigen Blutea mit dem dten Reich hergeefellt, der in wirkwamnter Wrbt, daa Zueammenwaohson der nomn Teile mit den alten bcfardern wird. Denn jeder dieuer Ishrer wirkt auf Hunderte, ja Toueende von Sohlilern, unter denen naoh wie vor zahlreioke fremdapracbge ohne jeden Zweng mit deutacher Wieseneohaft und deutaohem Wmen vertrant gemaaht werdm Diem selbett&tige Andeuteohung der bsltisohen niohtdeutechen Bev8lkenmg w i d om 80 aioherer tur SahlieBliohen Eindeutsohung fnhren, je M t i g e r nioh das Organ, die kuhnisohe Hochaohule, entwickelt. Der Reiohadeutache, der mit Kenntnia der eigcnaa Vergmgen heit rich in batischdentmhes Weeen vertieft, erkeMt nioht ohne eine g e h Riihrung in dewen Ckgenwart daa wider, WM Deutechland vor mehr ale &em Mensaheneltsr war. h u a folgt, dell CLi c erateunliche Wendung a u eher ganz ina h e r e gerichtet geweeenen Vergangenheit zur Bewiiltigung gewaltigeter praktiecher Aufgabe, welohe den Inhalt der letzten dentechen Qachiohte auammht, nunmehr den beltisohen Lsnden bevorsteht. Rechnet man dam das durch koge Erfabrung herangezllchtete, tief in seinem WeaeD verankerta K u l t u r b e w n O t a e i n d e a B a l t e n g e g e n l i b e r d e n V 6 1 k e r n d e a Oa t ena (in welcher Hinsicht er den durchschnittlichen Reiohsdentachen zweifelloa tibertrifft), 80 crkennt man. daB daa deutaohe Volk kcincm Stamm seine Grenzwacht im Nordcn beseer anvertreuen konn, ale dieeem. Jede m e , die wir in der gegen-w&rtigcn schwierigen b g e den alten Volksund neuen hiohsgenoseen zum geintig-wirtechdtliohen Aufbau leiaten, wird hundertfiiltige b c h t tragea Obenrchauen wir rrtokblickend die game Angelegenheit, so kommcn wir zu dem Schluese, da6 die Wiederbelebnng dea Beltinchen Polytoahnikums in Riga eine Notwembgkeit ist und &her f d e r oder epater auegef,Urt w d e n mu6 und wird. Ee knnn aich &o nur nooh um dae W a n 11 handeln. Hier spricht alleo dafnr, daB es adbald wie mtlich geechieht. Allen denon, die etwae dezn tan kannen, mien d8hQr die Worte der Iphigenh an dee Hem gelegt: Veresgen kamt do'r nioht; gewIhr BLI bald! Q r o B b o b h e n , Juli 1018. [A. w.1 Ober die Natur der Cellulose aus Gtetreidestroh. Van E m HEUSEB und Arson8 X~O . gbaep. 17/7. 1916,) 51.60 g Rohoelluloee enthalten noch 11.63 g Xylan, 54,M g Celluloee und Xylan

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Über die Natur der Cellulose aus Getreidestroh

Cited by 11 publications

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Furfural, 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural, and acetoin act as external electron acceptors during anaerobic fermentation of xylose in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Furfural, 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural, and acetoin act as external electron acceptors during anaerobic fermentation of xylose in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

BIO‐CHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF CELLULOSIC MATERIALS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ACTION OF FUNGI¹

Über die Natur der Cellulose aus Getreidestroh

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Über die Natur der Cellulose aus Getreidestroh

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Furfural, 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural, and acetoin act as external electron acceptors during anaerobic fermentation of xylose in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Furfural, 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural, and acetoin act as external electron acceptors during anaerobic fermentation of xylose in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

BIO‐CHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF CELLULOSIC MATERIALS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ACTION OF FUNGI1

Über die Natur der Cellulose aus Getreidestroh

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BIO‐CHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF CELLULOSIC MATERIALS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ACTION OF FUNGI¹