Ubiquitin Conjugates: A Sensitive Marker of Oxidative Stress

Shang, Fu; Taylor, Allen

doi:10.1002/9780813814438.ch13

Cited by 1 publication

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References 38 publications

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“…In sum, a significant literature supports a critical role for the UPS and autophagy in maintaining non-toxic, homeostatic levels of AGEs. Unfortunately, the function of both proteolytic pathways declines with extensive glycative stress and upon aging in many tissues [141], resulting in intracellular accumulation of protein aggregates (also glycated conjugates) and dysfunctional organelles in aged tissues [132,142,143]. We propose that deficits of these pathways in diabetic conditions could contribute to the accumulation and deposition of AGE-modified proteins in the retina, thereby contributing to DR. To date, there is scarce information about how these proteolytic pathways remove AGEs.…”

Section: Proteolytic Pathways: the Last Line Of Defense Against Glycation-derived Damagementioning

confidence: 98%

Glyoxalase System as a Therapeutic Target against Diabetic Retinopathy

et al. 2020

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Hyperglycemia, a defining characteristic of diabetes, combined with oxidative stress, results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds that have adverse effects on many tissues including the retina and lens. AGEs promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in turn, boost the production of AGEs, resulting in positive feedback loops, a vicious cycle that compromises tissue fitness. Oxidative stress and the accumulation of AGEs are etiologically associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases including diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is a devastating microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. The onset and development of DR is multifactorial. Lowering AGEs accumulation may represent a potential therapeutic approach to slow this sight-threatening diabetic complication. To set DR in a physiological context, in this review we first describe relations between oxidative stress, formation of AGEs, and aging in several tissues of the eye, each of which is associated with a major age-related eye pathology. We summarize mechanisms of AGEs generation and anti-AGEs detoxifying systems. We specifically feature the potential of the glyoxalase system in the retina in the prevention of AGEs-associated damage linked to DR. We provide a comparative analysis of glyoxalase activity in different tissues from wild-type mice, supporting a major role for the glyoxalase system in the detoxification of AGEs in the retina, and present the manipulation of this system as a therapeutic strategy to prevent the onset of DR.

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