Ueber eine neue organische Base in den Cocablättern

Niemann, A.

doi:10.1002/ardp.18601530305

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Working on cocaine was an interesting field but due to the limited access to plant samples available in Europe, little research could be conducted. Albert Niemann, who received enough supply of coca leaves for research, was able to proceed his study and improved the isolation process as well as the general knowledge of cocaine and its mode of action [ 26 ]. The chemical formula of cocaine was determined in 1862 by W. Lossen, who also dealt with the analysis of atropine.…”

Section: History and Chemical Elucidation Of Tropane Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropane Alkaloids: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biosynthesis and Production

2019

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Tropane alkaloids (TA) are valuable secondary plant metabolites which are mostly found in high concentrations in the Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae families. The TAs, which are characterized by their unique bicyclic tropane ring system, can be divided into three major groups: hyoscyamine and scopolamine, cocaine and calystegines. Although all TAs have the same basic structure, they differ immensely in their biological, chemical and pharmacological properties. Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, has the largest legitimate market as a pharmacological agent due to its treatment of nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, as well as smooth muscle spasms while cocaine is the 2nd most frequently consumed illicit drug globally. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TAs, highlighting their structural diversity, use in pharmaceutical therapy from both historical and modern perspectives, natural biosynthesis in planta and emerging production possibilities using tissue culture and microbial biosynthesis of these compounds.

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Section: History and Chemical Elucidation Of Tropane Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropane Alkaloids: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biosynthesis and Production

2019

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“…Early research into the pharmaceutically active components of the coca leaf began in the mid 1800s with the first description and crystallization of cocaine [125]. The original pioneering research in tropane alkaloid biosynthesis was performed by the chemist Edward Leete, starting in the early 1960s.…”

Section: Tropane Alkaloid Biosynthesis In E Cocamentioning

confidence: 99%

Erythroxylum in Focus: An Interdisciplinary Review of an Overlooked Genus

Restrepo

Saenz

Jara-Muñoz³

et al. 2019

Molecules

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The genus Erythroxylum contains species used by indigenous people of South America long before the domestication of plants. Two species, E. coca and E. novogranatense, have been utilized for thousands of years specifically for their tropane alkaloid content. While abuse of the narcotic cocaine has impacted society on many levels, these species and their wild relatives contain untapped resources for the benefit of mankind in the form of foods, pharmaceuticals, phytotherapeutic products, and other high-value plant-derived metabolites. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge of members within the genus and the recent advances in the realm of molecular biology and biochemistry.

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“…The natural source of cocaine in the form of coca plant leaves has been known for centuries. In 1859, an active alkaloid cocaine was isolated by Albert Niemann of Germany ( 144 ). For the following half a century, it was mostly used for medical purposes as a local anesthetic and treatment of depression but thereafter it became increasingly popular as a drug of abuse.…”

Section: Cocainementioning

confidence: 99%

Psychostimulants and Movement Disorders

Asser

Taba

2015

Front. Neurol.

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Psychostimulants are a diverse group of substances with their main psychomotor effects resembling those of amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, or cathinone. Due to their potential as drugs of abuse, recreational use of most of these substances is illegal since 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. In recent years, new psychoactive substances have emerged mainly as synthetic cathinones with new molecules frequently complementing the list. Psychostimulant related movement disorders are a known entity often seen in emergency rooms around the world. These admissions are becoming more frequent as are fatalities associated with drug abuse. Still the legal constraints of the novel synthetic molecules are bypassed. At the same time, chronic and permanent movement disorders are much less frequently encountered. These disorders frequently manifest as a combination of movement disorders. The more common symptoms include agitation, tremor, hyperkinetic and stereotypical movements, cognitive impairment, and also hyperthermia and cardiovascular dysfunction. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind the clinical manifestations have been researched for decades. The common denominator is the monoaminergic signaling. Dopamine has received the most attention but further research has demonstrated involvement of other pathways. Common mechanisms linking psychostimulant use and several movement disorders exist.

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Ueber eine neue organische Base in den Cocablättern

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Tropane Alkaloids: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biosynthesis and Production

Tropane Alkaloids: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biosynthesis and Production

Erythroxylum in Focus: An Interdisciplinary Review of an Overlooked Genus

Psychostimulants and Movement Disorders

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