UHPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of bisphenol A and its chlorinated derivatives, bisphenol S, parabens, and benzophenones in human urine samples

Abstract

In the present work, a new method based on a sample treatment by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) for the extraction of six bisphenols (bisphenol A, bisphenol S, and monochloro-, dichloro-, trichloro-, and tetrachlorobisphenol A), four parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butylparaben), and six benzophenones (benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, benzophenone-3, benzophenone-6, benzophenone-8, and 4-hydroxybenzophenone) in human urine samples, followed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis, is validated. An enzymatic treatment allows determining the total content of the target EDCs. The extraction parameters were accurately optimized using multivariate optimization strategies. Ethylparaben ring-(13)C6, benzophenone-d10, and bisphenol A-d16 were used as surrogates. Limits of quantification ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 ng mL(-1) and interday variabilities (evaluated as relative standard deviations) from 2.0 to 13.8% were obtained. The method was validated using matrix-matched standard calibration followed by a recovery assay with spiked samples. Recovery rates ranged from 94 to 106%. A good linearity, for concentrations up to 300 ng mL(-1) for parabens and 40 ng mL(-1) for benzophenones and bisphenols, was also obtained. The method was satisfactorily applied for the determination of target compounds in human urine samples from 20 randomly selected individuals.

The Influence of New and Artificial Aged Microplastic and Leachates on the Germination of Lepidium sativum L.

“…BPA was solved in 96% ethanol to final concentrations of 10 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 100 mg/L [24,26]. Concentrations were checked on a UPLC-MS/MS system (Acquity UPLC, Quattro Premier, Micromass, Waters GmbH, Eschborn, Germany) using the method of Vela-Soria et al [42]. Ethanol concentration in all samples, including controls were less than 10%.…”

Neuroendocrine disruption in animal models due to exposure to bisphenol A analogues

“…Several studies examining individuals living in the US and other countries detected measureable amounts of these BPA-substitutes in urinary samples, but mixed results have been reported in maternal sera, and umbilical cord sera (Table 1) [41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51]. These other bisphenols induce a range of gene expression and morphological changes in in vitro cultures of human explants and cells lines, such as testis, red blood cells, blood mononuclear cells, preadipocytes, cancerous adrenal cortex cells, and osteosarcoma cells [52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 60].…”

Association of Urinary Levels of Bisphenols A, F, and S with Endometriosis Risk: Preliminary Results of the EndEA Study

“…Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS/MS) were used to determine urinary concentrations of BPA, BPF, and BPS, as previously described [36]. All reagents were analytical grade unless otherwise specified.…”