UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based phytochemical characterization and anti-hyperglycemic prospective of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Butea monosperma

Abstract

Butea monosperma is one of the extensively used plants in traditional system of medicines for many therapeutic purposes. in this study, the antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition properties of freeze drying assisted ultrasonicated leaf extracts (hydro-ethanolic) of B. monosperma have been investigated. The findings revealed that 60% ethanolic fraction exhibited high phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, highest antioxidant activity, and promising α-glucosidase and αamylase inhibitions. the UHpLc-Qtof-MS/MS analysis indicated the presence of notable metabolites of significant medicinal potential including apigenin, apigenin C-hexoside C-pentoside, apigenin Chexoside C-hexoside, apigenin-6,8-di-C-pentoside and genistin etc., in B. monosperma leave extract. Docking studies were carried out to determine the possible role of each phytochemical present in leaf extract. Binding affinity data and interaction pattern of all the possible phytochemicals in leaf extract of B. monosperma revealed that they can inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase synergistically to prevent hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus [DM] is most rapidly growing metabolic disorder in the world. It is primarily characterized by hyperglycemia which is associated with disturbed metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Such metabolic dysfunctions at physiological level are known to cause detrimental health disorders which lead towards sickness and eventually death 1. According to WHO (World Health Organization), it is estimated that this chronic disease has affected nearly 150 million people throughout the world. This number will increase to three hundred million people or more up to 2025 2. The DM type II (DMT-II) is the most abundant form of diabetes and generally involves the phenomenon of insulin insensitivity or low insulin production. The main reasons behind the spread of this global health problem are mainly modern life style, obesity and consumption of high caloric diet. The growing rate of DM in Asian and African countries is two to three times more than the present rate in other countries 3. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is very crucial in DMT-II pathogenesis. The ROS are produced because of electron transfer to oxygen from mitochondrial metabolic activity. The ROS are captured by antioxidants to maintain the redox homeostasis. However, over production or long-time exposure to ROS may create imbalance which further leads to state of oxidative stress. The oxidative stress exerts harmful impacts on bio-molecules to create metabolic dysfunction. The ROS under umbrella of oxidative stress disturbs the structure based activity of antioxidant enzymes to reduce the antioxidant potential of body 4. The ROS are also involved in impaired insulin secretion from pancreas probably due to dysfunction in β-cells 5. The elevated blood glucose level alters the normal functions of proteins through the process of glycation. The role of glycated end products is obvious in health deterioration and their long term existence...

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