UK battery electric bus operation: Examining battery degradation, carbon emissions and cost

McGrath, Teresa; Blades, Luke; Early, Juliana; Harris, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2022.103373

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The literature review explores the performance boundaries of electric buses (BEBs) in public transportation, comparing both numerical models and practical implementations [8]. It highlights the suitability of BEBs with lithium-ion batteries exceeding 324 kWh or achieving 250 km per cycle due to their stability and energy capacity [8].…”

Section: Electric Battery Buses In Public Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling an Investment Framework for BMTA Electric Bus Fleet Development

Wanitanukul,

Kubaha,

Songprakorp

2024

WEVJ

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In Thailand, diesel buses are notorious for their poor energy efficiency and contribution to air pollution. To combat these issues, battery electric buses (BEBs) have emerged as a promising alternative. However, their high initial costs have posed challenges for fleet management, especially for agencies such as the Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA). This study aims to revolutionize BEB fleet management by developing an energy model tailored to the BMTA’s needs. The methodology consists of two crucial steps: analyzing BMTA bus routes and designing fleet management and charging systems. Through this process, the study seeks to determine the maximum number of BEBs that can be operated on each route with the fewest chargers possible. The results reveal exciting possibilities. Within the city bus landscape, two out of five BMTA bus routes show potential for transitioning to BEBs, provided they meet a maximum energy requirement of 200 kWh every two rounds. This analysis identifies routes ripe for BEB adoption while considering the limitations of battery size. In the next step, the study unveils a game-changing strategy: a maximum of 13 BEBs can operate on two routes with just four chargers requiring 150 kW each. This means fewer chargers and more efficient operations. Plus, the charging profile peaks at 600 kW from 4:00 to 8:00 p.m., showing when and where the fleet needs power the most. However, the real eye-opener? Significant energy savings of THB 10.44 million per year compared to diesel buses, with an initial investment cost savings of over 37%. These findings underscore the potential for BEB fleet management to revolutionize public transportation and save money in the long run. However, there is more work to be done. The study highlights the need for real-time passenger considerations, the development of post-service charging strategies, and a deeper dive into total lifetime costs. These areas of improvement promise even greater strides in the future of sustainable urban transportation.

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Section: Electric Battery Buses In Public Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling an Investment Framework for BMTA Electric Bus Fleet Development

Wanitanukul,

Kubaha,

Songprakorp

2024

WEVJ

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“…Urban bus fleets typically operate within predefined routes where mileage and maximum-capacity levels are well established, lending themselves well to conversion to electric [22]. Despite this, perplexity on the part of both public decision-makers and public transport operators as to whether it is really feasible to deploy electric vehicles for this purpose is widespread; this research aims to examine, as objectively as possible, under what technical and partly economic conditions it makes sense to migrate to electric fleets; this is hard to find in the literature: papers are mainly concentrated on the environmental aspect, on the assessment of actual energy consumption, on economic aspects, on energy storage and on fast charging.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a matter of fact, there has been quite a lot of progress in recent years, with 600,000 electric buses already in operation globally in 2020 [22]. Most of these vehicles were operating in China, with large fleets beginning to develop or being assessed in Europe and Latin America [25]: this has allowed the literature, in the last two years, to enrich the outcomes derived from applications in the field, favouring to some extent the possible expansion of the fleets.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrifying Buses for Public Transport: Boundaries with a Performance Analysis Based on Method and Experience

Dalla Chiara,

Pede,

Deflorio

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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It is widely expected that electric vehicles will be able to satisfy most road transport needs. The aim of this paper is to provide an answer to how far the electrification of buses used for local public transport can be pursuable through insight into the engineering problems and range, i.e., the autonomy on battery, as well as the efficiency of recharging systems. At first, a wide survey of the main solutions that are present on the market, or foreseen for the near future, concerning the electrification of fleets for LPT is provided. Thereafter, such solutions are compared through numerical applications and by using a practical case study, pertaining to the city of Turin (IT), where static inductive charging has been extensively experienced. Particular attention is paid to engineering problems and to the autonomy on battery of the vehicles as a function of their mass, electric energy storage system, charging opportunities and infrastructure, while comparing the time and efficiency of recharging systems. The authors conclude by recommending the most promising alternatives for battery electric buses while outlining their limits, striving to provide for the literature a research instrument, which is lacking, for delimitating the applicability of electric buses for LPT while outlining the viable solutions.

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“…The second is market indicators, such as using the rescaled gradient analysis proposed by Hurst to test the fluctuation of the daily carbon price consisting of the carbon price time series . The third is environmental indicators, which can be used to examine the total emissions of three industrial pollutants such as carbon dioxide, industrial wastewater, industrial sulfur dioxide, and industrial solid waste (McGrath et al, 2022;Sahin and Esen, 2022). To deeply analyze the institutional construction and operational effects of carbon emission rights, and environmental equity trading market, this study focuses on the emission reduction effects of carbon emission trading policies from the original purpose of Frontiers in Environmental Science frontiersin.org carbon market establishment.…”

Section: Literature Review and Research Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Why the “journey” of carbon neutrality is a long one—a mixed method research based on carbon emission trading in hubei province

Jiang

Yao

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of carbon emissions trading system by using mixed method research. In the past 5 years, the development level of carbon finance in Hubei Province is in the first tier. Hubei carbon emission trading center was established in September 2012, and now ranks top in the trading volume and total transaction amount of China’s seven pilot exchanges. Therefore, choosing Hubei Province as a sample to study the carbon emissions trading system has good externalities, that is, the research conclusions are highly representative. In order to make an in-depth analysis of the system construction and operation effect of the environmental equity trading market of carbon emission rights, this paper uses the closure of Hubei Province as an instrumental variable to alleviate the endogeneity in previous studies, and makes an empirical study on the effectiveness of the carbon emission trading system. The study finds that: after alleviating endogeneity, the current carbon emissions trading has reduced air quality. At the same time, this paper theoretically and statistically verifies the correlation and exogenous of the instrumental variable of city closure to ensure the credibility of the results. This paper further analyzes and finds that the lower the degree of industrialization and the worse the air quality, the higher the degree of air quality reduction. In addition, this paper conducted a series of robustness tests, such as adding new traffic related control variable, replacing variable indicators of air quality, conducting placebo test, and conducting lag regression, which verifies that the benchmark regression results are still valid. In the mechanism part, this paper uses the methods of interview and case analysis to analyze the causal mechanism of this phenomenon from the perspective of the system itself and the challenges in the implementation process. As far as the system itself is concerned, this paper believes that the current carbon emissions trading system does not cover a comprehensive range, there are defects in the way of carbon quota allocation, and the accuracy of the current verification method needs to be tested; In the process of implementation, there are “local protectionism” and information asymmetry.

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UK battery electric bus operation: Examining battery degradation, carbon emissions and cost

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Modeling an Investment Framework for BMTA Electric Bus Fleet Development

Modeling an Investment Framework for BMTA Electric Bus Fleet Development

Electrifying Buses for Public Transport: Boundaries with a Performance Analysis Based on Method and Experience

Why the “journey” of carbon neutrality is a long one—a mixed method research based on carbon emission trading in hubei province

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