UK Citizenship in the Early 21st Century: Earning and Losing the Right to Stay

Puzzo, Catherine

doi:10.4000/rfcb.750

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The knowledge of language was assessed by a police officer or other official, and it was a highly discretionary process (van Oers, 2014). Knowledge of the language was reportedly not a major barrier to attaining British citizenship and was seen as one among many requirements to meet (Puzzo, 2016). In 1982, 2.7 per cent of all naturalisation applications were denied citizenship on the basis of the language requirement and this percentage decreased to 0.15 per cent in 1996 (van Oers, 2014).…”

Section: History Of the Requirements For The Purpose Of Naturalisatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The probationary citizenship test would focus on 'practical' aspects, whereas the citizenship test would cover related to political system, relations with Europe etc. (Puzzo, 2016).…”

Section: History Of the Requirements For The Purpose Of Naturalisatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reform introducing probationary citizenship was abandoned by the next, Conservative party-led government before it was even introduced, as it was found to be difficult to implement as well as 'ineffective' (Puzzo, 2016). Also, the proposal for points-based citizenship was disregarded.…”

Section: History Of the Requirements For The Purpose Of Naturalisatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supporting integration? International practices on civics and language requirements linked to naturalisation: policy implications for Ireland

Groarke¹,

Polakowski²,

Quinn³

et al. 2020

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The mission of the Economic and Social Research Institute is to advance evidencebased policymaking that supports economic sustainability and social progress in Ireland. ESRI researchers apply the highest standards of academic excellence to challenges facing policymakers, focusing on 12 areas of critical importance to 21 st Century Ireland. The Institute was founded in 1960 by a group of senior civil servants led by Dr T.K. Whitaker, who identified the need for independent and in-depth research analysis to provide a robust evidence base for policymaking in Ireland. Since then, the Institute has remained committed to independent research and its work is free of any expressed ideology or political position. The Institute publishes all research reaching the appropriate academic standard, irrespective of its findings or who funds the research. The quality of its research output is guaranteed by a rigorous peer review process. ESRI researchers are experts in their fields and are committed to producing work that meets the highest academic standards and practices. The work of the Institute is disseminated widely in books, journal articles and reports. ESRI publications are available to download, free of charge, from its website. Additionally, ESRI staff communicate research findings at regular conferences and seminars. The ESRI is a company limited by guarantee, answerable to its members and governed by a Council, comprising 14 members who represent a cross-section of ESRI members from academia, civil services, state agencies, businesses and civil society. The Institute receives an annual grant-in-aid from the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform to support the scientific and public interest elements of the Institute's activities; the grant accounted for an average of 30 per cent of the Institute's income over the lifetime of the last Research Strategy. The remaining funding comes from research programmes supported by government departments and agencies, public bodies and competitive research programmes.

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Section: History Of the Requirements For The Purpose Of Naturalisatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The probationary citizenship test would focus on 'practical' aspects, whereas the citizenship test would cover related to political system, relations with Europe etc. (Puzzo, 2016).…”

Section: History Of the Requirements For The Purpose Of Naturalisatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Supporting integration? International practices on civics and language requirements linked to naturalisation: policy implications for Ireland

Groarke¹,

Polakowski²,

Quinn³

et al. 2020

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“…The contemporary move away from permanence was succinctly captured by the British government when it coined the term “probationary citizenship” in a 2008 proposal to create a new probationary stage through which temporary residents would have to pass before gaining access to permanent residence and, ultimately, citizenship. While the government eventually abandoned the legislation on logistical grounds, the idea continues to live on in the discourse and policies associated with “earned citizenship” (Van Houdt et al., 2011; Puzzo, 2016; Monforte et al., 2018). Conceptions of “earned” and “probationary” citizenship break the link between length of residence and the right to settlement: permanent residence and citizenship are no longer understood as rights that accrue to non‐citizens with the passage of time in recognition of the human need to put down roots.…”

Section: Probationary Citizenship and The Impermanence Of Permanencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Impermanence of Permanence: The Rise of Probationary Immigration in Canada

Ellermann

Gorokhovskaia

2019

International Migration

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This article engages with arguments that contemporary immigration politics is defined by a "loss of settlement" by examining recent developments in Canadian immigration and refugee policy that have made permanent residence less permanent. We suggest that the rise of probationary immigration has been facilitated by horizontal status stratification within groups that were historically marked by relative status equality. In order to examine this claim empirically in the Canadian context, we analyze the rise of temporary foreign worker recruitment, the move from "one-step" to "two-step" immigration, and changes to refugee policy that, for the first time, linked loss of refugee status to the loss of permanent resident status.

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“…11 As Puzzo (2016: 4) notes, conditions were attached to probationary citizenship, particularly that applicants “ make the right contribution to the country ”. Moreover, the notion of ‘active participation/contribution’ to British society as deployed in this proposal was ambiguous requiring proof of good character and tax payment as well as positive interaction with the local community (Puzzo, 2016: 4). This emphasis demonstrated the importance and arbitrariness of what was considered active citizenship when it was a formal, explicit requirement of the naturalization process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Becoming an active citizen: The UK Citizenship Test

2020

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This article explores the effects of the UK citizenship test on migrants through the focus on the injunction to become an active citizen. We draw on qualitative interviews with 158 migrants of different nationalities who are at various stages in the process. We identify two responses. First, participants in our study drew on neo-liberal repertoires of active (knowledgeable) citizenship whereby they proved they are responsible and law-abiding agents of ‘social cohesion’ yet also simultaneously presented themselves as politically passive. Second, some participants perform critical, alternative narratives which contrast with the neo-liberal understanding of active citizenship. We note that these responses are not mutually exclusive and show the process of making sense of and positioning oneself around the competing, unsettled understandings of what counts as ‘active’ and what it means to be a citizen. The coexistence of these different responses shows that migrants going through the citizenship test process experience this policy instrument – and the injunctions on which it is based – in unsettling and contradictory ways. Through the citizenship test, and specifically the call to be an active citizen, adherence is sought to particular values – ‘British values’ – and the performance of active dispositions in a certain way. However, the neoliberal understanding of what it means to be an active citizen is also exceeded and challenged, in sometimes quite ‘ordinary’ and everyday ways. These coexisting and contradictory narratives bring to light the uncertainties through which migrants perceive the injunction to become an active citizen and the paradoxes of active citizenship more generally.

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UK Citizenship in the Early 21st Century: Earning and Losing the Right to Stay

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Supporting integration? International practices on civics and language requirements linked to naturalisation: policy implications for Ireland

Supporting integration? International practices on civics and language requirements linked to naturalisation: policy implications for Ireland

The Impermanence of Permanence: The Rise of Probationary Immigration in Canada

Becoming an active citizen: The UK Citizenship Test

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