UK trading patterns within and between regions in the automotive sector—A network analysis

Smith, Matthew; Sarabi, Yasaman

doi:10.1111/twec.13006

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…These are presented in figure (1), where the colours represent group membership. The GF roles have been utilised in a wide range of empirical setting to examine brokerage patterns and how actors link between and within different groups; including firm innovation performance research (Belso-Martínez et al, 2015), disaster response studies (Lind et al, 2008), and analysis of international trade (Smith and Sarabi, 2021b). The coordinator role captures when an actor acts as a broker within their own group, indicating that they hold a particular important role for group level coordination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered brokerage and firm performance – An interlock analysis of the UK

Sarabi

Smith

McGregor

et al. 2021

IJPPM

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PurposeCorporate success depends partially on the quality of knowledge accessible to the executive board. One route of access to such knowledge is the appointment of directors who already hold directorships with prominent other corporate actors. Such director appointments provide interlocks to a corporate knowledge ecosystem (Haunschild and Beckman, 1998). The purpose of this paper is to examine how linkages between companies belonging to different sectors impact firm performance and to examine how linkages created by female directors, as opposed to male directors, shape performance.Design/methodology/approachThis paper investigates the interlocks created between UK FTSE 350 companies from 2010 to 2018. It draws on network analysis to map the roles that male and female directors play in linking firms with varying sector classifications. The paper provides an examination of the impact of these roles on firm performance, through a panel data regression analysis.FindingsThis paper finds that there is an increase of inter-industry brokers over the period, and that men are still dominant in both the network and creating inter-industry ties amongst companies. However, the role of women in establishing these ties appears to be changing, and women are more important when it comes to create inter-industry ties among key economic sectors.Originality/valueThis paper provides a novel approach to examine the interplay between gendered inter (and intra) sectoral linkages and firm performance. It provides an original application of the two-mode brokerage analysis framework proposed in Jasny and Lubell (2015).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered brokerage and firm performance – An interlock analysis of the UK

Sarabi

Smith

McGregor

et al. 2021

IJPPM

Self Cite

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“…Martinus et al [ 47 ] investigate how small states and territories act as brokers in the global corporate network. GF brokerage has also been increasingly applied in international trade studies in the context of the international fragmentation and complex organization of production [ 6 , 48 ]. Gorgoni et al [ 6 ] in their examination of the automotive sector apply the GF brokerage roles to analyze the different ways in which countries act as brokers between different global regions (e.g.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Europe, North America). Along the same lines, Smith and Sarabi [ 48 ] analyze the role of the UK in brokering within the EU region and between the EU and other global regions. In both studies, a weighted and directed network is constructed first.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Weighted and Normalized Gould–Fernandez brokerage measure

et al. 2022

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The Gould and Fernandez local brokerage measure defines brokering roles based on the group membership of the nodes from the incoming and outgoing edges. This paper extends on this brokerage measure to account for weighted edges and introduces the Weighted–Normalized Gould–Fernandez measure (WNGF). The value added of this new measure is demonstrated empirically with both a macro level trade network and a micro level organization network. The measure is first applied to the EUREGIO inter-regional trade dataset and then to an organizational network in a research and development (R&D) group. The results gained from the WNGF measure are compared to those from two dichotomized networks: a threshold and a multiscale backbone network. The results show that the WNGF generates valid results, consistent with those of the dichotomized network. In addition, it provides the following advantages: (i) it ensures information retention; (ii) since no alterations and decisions have to be made on how to dichotomize the network, the WNGF frees the user from the burden of making assumptions; (iii) it provides a nuanced understanding of each node’s brokerage role. These advantages are of special importance when the role of less connected nodes is considered. The two empirical networks used here are for illustrative purposes. Possible applications of WNGF span beyond regional and organizational studies, and into all those contexts where retaining weights is important, for example by accounting for persisting or repeating edges compared to one-time interactions. WNGF can also be used to further analyze networks that measure how often people meet, talk, text, like, or retweet. WNGF makes a relevant methodological contribution as it offers a way to analyze brokerage in weighted, directed, and even complete graphs without information loss that can be used across disciplines and different type of networks.

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“…Within the increasing of corporate governance studies, board interlocks have become one of the most prominent research topics (Lamb & Roundy, 2016). The available literature defines a board as being interlocked when a director sitting on the board of directors of Company 'A' also sits on Company 'B' (Smith & Sarabi, 2021a). Interlocks can be explored from the companies' perspective or from the directors' perspective.…”

Section: Introduction Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though in this study we explore board interlocks, SNA can be used as a framework to understand relationships and behaviors across many other research subjects. For instance, in management it can be used to evaluate the relationship between countries through trading patterns (Smith & Sarabi, 2021a), and in medical studies, by evaluating the social interactions across animal species (Rocha, Ryckebusch, Schoors, & Smith, 2021). To illustrate the process focused on this paper, we used a database of Brazilian listed companies in 2019 and 2020 to set out the networks and measure their properties, using R Studio to apply the steps described.…”

Section: Introduction Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Board of Directors’ Interlocks: A Social Network Analysis Tutorial

et al. 2023

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Objective: the literature on board interlocks has increased in recent years, focusing on understanding board composition and its relationships with other companies’ boards. Such studies usually require multiple procedures of data extraction, handling, and analysis to create and analyze social networks. However, these procedures are not standardized, and there is a lack of methodological instructions available to make this process easier for researchers. This tutorial intends to describe the logical steps taken to collect data, treat them, and map and measure the network properties to provide researchers with the sources to replicate it in their own research. We contribute to the literature in the management field by proposing an empirical methodological approach to conduct board interlocks’ research. Proposal: our tutorial describes and provides examples of data collection, directors’ data treatment, and the use of these data to map and measure network structural properties using an open-source tool - R statistical software. Conclusions: our main contribution is a tutorial detailing the steps required to map and analyze board interlocks, making this process easier, standardized, and more accessible for all researchers who wish to develop social network analysis studies.

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UK trading patterns within and between regions in the automotive sector—A network analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 115 publications

Gendered brokerage and firm performance – An interlock analysis of the UK

Gendered brokerage and firm performance – An interlock analysis of the UK

A Weighted and Normalized Gould–Fernandez brokerage measure

Board of Directors’ Interlocks: A Social Network Analysis Tutorial

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