Ulcerative Balanitis and Vulvitis

Greig, A. S.

doi:10.1002/9780470753316.ch21

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The results showed that 18 isolates (51%) were strains of M. arginini . The isolation and identification of M. arginini from cases of ulcerative vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis in goats and sheep in SA and Nigeria have been reported (Chima & Ojo 1986 ; Greig 2007 ; Kidanemariam 2003 ). It was also previously isolated from cases of ovine kerato conjunctivitis and mastitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greig ( 2007 ) divided the causative agents of ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis in sheep flocks in the UK into four main entities: venereal parapoxvirus (orf) infection; enzootic posthitis (pizzle rot) caused by Corynebactrium renale or other diptheroid organisms; Mycoplasma -associated vulvovaginitis; and a condition of unknown aetiology. Other organisms associated with the disease that have been isolated from the lesions include Streptococcus zooepidemicus (Dunn 1996 ), Histophilus ovis, Arcanobacterium (Trueperella) pyogenes, Mycoplasma fermentans and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium (formerly Mycoplasma ovine/caprine serogroup 11) (Nicholas et al 1998 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterisation of <i>Mycoplasma</i> species isolated from the genital tract of Dorper sheep in South Africa

Kalshingi

Bosman

Gouws

et al. 2015

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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Biochemical and molecular analysis were conducted on 34 strains of Mycoplasma species isolated between 2003 and 2009 from the genital tract of clinically healthy Dorper sheep and sheep with ulcerative vulvitis and balanitis. Earlier publications identified the causative agent as Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides large colony (MmmLC) and Arcanobacterium pyogenes. The aims of the study were to characterise Mycoplasma species isolated from the genital tract of Dorper sheep with polymerase chain reaction assay, cloning and gene sequencing. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) results revealed six predominant Mycoplasma species: Mycoplasma arginini, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Arcanobacterium laidlawii, MmmLC, Mycoplasma sp. ovine/caprine serogroup II and M. canadense. Sequencing of the 34 isolates were analysed using phylogenetic methods, and 18 (50%) were identified as M. arginini with 99% – 100% similarity to M. arginini from England and Sweden. Six isolates showed 99% similarity to M. bovigenitalium strains from Turkey and Germany. Two isolates had 99% similarity to an M. sp. ovine/caprine sero group II from the United Kingdom. BLAST for two isolates revealed 99% similarity to Acholeplasma laidlawii from India, another two were 99% similar to MmmLC strain from Sweden, two showed 98% similarity to Mycoplasma sp. Usp 120 from Brazil, and two isolates have a 97% – 99% similarity to M. mm. Jcv1 strain from the United States of America. Finally, one isolate showed similarity of 99% to Mycoplasma canadense strain from Italy. The findings support the hypothesis that ulcerative vulvitis and balanitis of Dorper sheep in South Africa (SA) is a multifactorial disease with involvement of different Mycoplasma species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterisation of <i>Mycoplasma</i> species isolated from the genital tract of Dorper sheep in South Africa

Kalshingi

Bosman

Gouws

et al. 2015

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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“…Enzootic posthitis (pizzle-rot) occurs worldwide (Doherty, 1985;Loste et al, 2005;Greig, 2007), more often in castrated male animals, although it has also been recorded in entire males (pre-pubertal or adult males) (Greig, 2007). It is caused mainly by Corynebacterium renale (Greig, 2007), although, less frequently, Rhodococcus equi and Corynebacterium hofmanni may also be implicated (Loste et al, 2005).…”

Section: Other Infections Of the Penis And Prepucementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is caused mainly by Corynebacterium renale (Greig, 2007), although, less frequently, Rhodococcus equi and Corynebacterium hofmanni may also be implicated (Loste et al, 2005). Anatomical defects in the prepuce may increase the risk for the animal to urinate within its sheath, which leads to production of ammonia, the increased concentration of which contributes to development of ulcerative lesions on the penis (Parkinson, 2009).…”

Section: Other Infections Of the Penis And Prepucementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial diseases of the genital system of rams or bucks

Gouletsou

Fthenakis

2015

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…, Dunn 12 and Greig 13 is therefore a more appropriate description of the disease as seen in South Africa.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis of Dorper sheep in South Africa : a study on its aetiology and clinical features

Kidanemariam¹,

Gouws²,

Vuuren³

et al. 2005

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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Ovine ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis in sheep of the Dorper breed has been observed in South Africa since 1979. Its aetiology has not been conclusively resolved, and there is some discrepancy in descriptions of its clinical features. In order to identify the pathogenic microorganism / s that contribute to the occurrence of the disease, the microflora in the genital tracts of both clinically healthy and affected sheep were isolated and compared. Bacteriological examination of materials from affected and unaffected sheep resulted in the isolation of Arcanobacterium pyogenes from 44.2 % and 17.2 % of them respectively. This difference is statistically significant (P < 0.01). Seventy-four per cent of the isolates originated from severe clinical cases. Mycoplasmas were isolated from 49.3 % of 116 clinically normal sheep and 78.2%of 104 affected sheep. There were significant differences in their rates of isolation in clinical groups (P < 0.05). Of all the mycoplasma isolates, Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides large colony variant (MmmLC) was isolated from 61.5 % of clinically diseased sheep while 6.0 % of the isolates were from apparently healthy animals (P < 0.05). The study threw light on the prevalence of mycoplasmas in the genital tract of apparently healthy sheep and, at the same time the identity of the mycoplasma pathogen associated with ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis was revealed. The findings of this investigation therefore confirmed the involvement of mycoplasma, particularly that of MmmLC large colony, in the disease in Dorper sheep in South Africa, and it was concluded that this microorganism is an important pathogen of balanitis and vulvitis in them. The study furthermore demonstrated a probable synergism between A. pyogenes and MmmLC. Finding these 2 organisms together occurred 53.4 times more frequently in the affected sheep than in the unaffected, which emphasises the probable multifactorial nature of the disease. The association between age and the presence of clinical signs was statistically significant. It was found that young sheep were more likely to have lesions than adult sheep. Clinical observations showed that the typical ulceration appears to be confined to the glans penis and lips of the vulva; no ulceration was observed on the shaft of the penis and prepuce or vaginal vestibule. In uncomplicated cases inflammation of the prepuce and vaginal vestibule is not a regular feature of the disease. Therefore the names ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis most accurately describe the nature of the disease in South Africa.

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Ulcerative Balanitis and Vulvitis

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Molecular characterisation of <i>Mycoplasma</i> species isolated from the genital tract of Dorper sheep in South Africa

Molecular characterisation of <i>Mycoplasma</i> species isolated from the genital tract of Dorper sheep in South Africa

Microbial diseases of the genital system of rams or bucks

Ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis of Dorper sheep in South Africa : a study on its aetiology and clinical features

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