Ulcerative dermatitis in barramundi due to coinfection with Streptococcus iniae and Shewanella algae

Episode of mortality associated with isolation of Streptococcus iniae in Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte, 1836) reared in Northern Italy

“…In fact, the co‐infection of S. iniae with opportunistic pathogens (e.g. Shewanella algae in barramundi, Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) (Erfanmanesh et al., 2019) and, specifically for sturgeons, with other pathogens, such as Acipenserid herpesvirus 2 (AciHV‐2) (Soto et al., 2017), was previously described. In our study, Gram‐positive streptococci were the only detected pathogens; thus, they can be considered associated with the mortality event.…”

Development of duplex qPCR targeting Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and Vagococcus salmoninarum

“…Coinfections are increasingly reported in fish (Erfanmanesh et al., 2019; Kotob et al., 2016; Soto et al, 2017). Epizootics involving coinfections are poorly understood and can have varying outcomes, depending on host and pathogen interactions as well as cooperation or competition between coinfecting species.…”

Infectious diseases reported in warm‐water marine fish cage culture in East and Southeast Asia—A systematic review

“…Similarly, co-infection of Shewanella algae and Streptococcus iniae in a barramundi farm in the Persian Gulf, Iran, also reported cutaneous and subcutaneous ulcers, as well as haemorrhages in visceral organs (Erfanmanesh et al, 2019). Erfanmanesh et al (2019) concluded that streptococcosis was the primary cause of the disease.…”