Ultra-high resolution multivariate record and multiscale causal analysis of Pridoli (late Silurian): Implications for global stratigraphy, turnover events, and climate-biota interactions

Spiridonov, Andrej; Stankevič, Robertas; Gečas, Tomas; Brazauskas, Antanas; Kaminskas, Donatas; Musteikis, Petras; Kaveckas, Tomas; Meidla, Tõnu; Bičkauskas, Giedrius; Ainsaar, Leho; Radzevičius, Sigitas

doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.05.015

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…The combined fourth-and fifth-order cycles show periodic trends at the regional scale by reducing local noise, allowing for correlation with the regional scale graptolite data composited from multiple sites in the Baltic Basin. The close relationship between natural gamma values and the preserved carbon was previously clearly found in integrated studies of the Silurian Baltic Basin (Gelūnaitė& Spiridonov 2015;Cichon-Pupieni et al 2020;Spiridonov et al 2020). Moreover, no bentonites, which may affect gamma ray logs if present, have been recorded from nassa-scanicus biozones of the studied cores (Kiipli et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Dynamic ecophenotypy in the Silurian Monograptidae (Graptolithina)

Whittingham

Spiridonov

Radzevičius

2021

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

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The monograptids from the Wenlock and Ludlow (mid- to late Silurian) of the palaeotropical Baltic Basin exhibit thickened ring structures (sicular annuli) over their initial phase of growth. Appearing before the lundgreni extinction event, they persisted throughout the remainder of the Silurian, fluctuating in number over that period. To better understand the mechanisms controlling their development and variation, counts of sicular annuli were taken from three well cores in Lithuania, compared between species in each sample and compared with contemporaneous gamma ray data, accompanied by the stable isotope (δ13C), and acritarch diversity data. Mean counts of annuli fluctuated greatly over the studied interval, but showed negligible variation between species, indicating that the trait is ecophenotypic. The fluctuation in annulus presence aligned with variations in fourth- and fifth-order cycles derived from the gamma ray trends, which represent significant sea level fluctuations, δ13C ratios, and primary productivity, suggesting that annuli were more plentiful in high-stand states which are associated with the wetter climate and more productive conditions, whereas dryer, less productive conditions were not conducive to annulus development. In light of this evidence, we hypothesise that the action of upwelling as a result of intensified storm events during wetter periods would have encouraged phytoplankton blooms, increasing construction of annuli. These results show the potential utility of sicular annuli in the study of Silurian climate change and give new insights into graptolite palaeoecology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Dynamic ecophenotypy in the Silurian Monograptidae (Graptolithina)

Whittingham

Spiridonov

Radzevičius

2021

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

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“…inordinata at Glasskär 2 extends downwards the range based on rare reports from the Přídolí of Estonia and Latvia by Viira (2000), of Lithuania by Spiridonov et al (2020) and of Oklahoma by Peavey (2013). However, as noted by Spiridonov et al (2020b), the scarcity of reports might reflect a strong affinity of this taxon to very shallow water environments, which saw a diversification in the late Silurian (Einasto & Viira, 2003;Jarochowska et al, 2017). Accordingly, it has not been found in samples from the more open-marine facies of the Burgen Oolite Formation in the Sudret peninsula.…”

Section: Conodont Biostratigraphy and Diversitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…inordinata, but the generic assignment has been queried by Murphy et al (2004). Subsequent works placed the species in Zieglerodina based on the morphology of the P 1 element and the similarity to Z. ivochlupaci (Peavey, 2013;Spiridonov et al, 2020b). Jeppsson, 1974 from Närshamn 1 (G83-11LJ; E, Co66, H, Co67) and Närshamn 2 (G83-12LJ; G, Co69).…”

Section: Conodonts Of the Burgen Oolite Formation In The Burgen Outliermentioning

confidence: 99%

Revision of thelodonts, acanthodians, conodonts, and the depositional environments in the Burgen outlier (Ludlow, Silurian) of Gotland, Sweden

Jarochowska¹,

Bremer²,

Yiu³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Ludfordian strata exposed in the Burgen outlier in eastern Gotland record a time of initial faunal recovery after a global environmental perturbation manifested in the Ludfordian Carbon Isotope Excursion (LCIE). Vertebrate microfossils in the collection of the late Lennart Jeppsson, hosted at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, hold the key to reconstruct the dynamics of faunal immigration and diversification during the decline of the LCIE, but the stratigraphic relationships of the strata have been debated. Historically, they had been Jarochowska et al., Revision of thelodonts, acanthodians, conodonts… 2 placed in the Burgsvik Formation, which included the Burgsvik Sandstone and the Burgsvik Oolite members. We revise the fauna in the Jeppsson collection and characterize key outcrops of Burgen and Kapellet. The former Burgsvik Oolite Member is here revised as the Burgen Oolite Formation. In the Burgen outlier, back-shoal facies of this formation are represented and their position in the Ozarkodina snajdri Biozone is supported. The shallowmarine position compared to the coeval strata in southern Gotland is reflected in the higher δ 13 C carb values, reaching +9.2‰. The back-shoal succession includes high-diversity metazoan reefs, which indicate a complete recovery of the carbonate producers as the LCIE declined.The impoverishment of conodonts associated with the LCIE in southern Gotland might be a product of facies preferences, as the diverse environments in the outlier yielded all 21 species known from the formation. Fish diversity also returned to normal levels as the LCIE declined, with a minimum of nine species. In line with previous reports, thelodont scales appear to dominate samples from the Burgen outlier.

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“…Order entropy can be a useful measure to check anomalies in the data or to identify such segments that are not associated with the climatic processes of interest (Garland et al, 2018). It has also be used to detect periodic changes in climate proxies of the late Silurian and to establish a corresponding astrochronology (Spiridonov et al, 2020).…”

Section: A B C Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear time series analysis of palaeoclimate proxy records

Marwan¹,

Donges²,

Donner³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Identifying and characterising dynamical regime shifts, critical transitions or potential tipping points in palaeoclimate time series is relevant for improving the understanding of often highly nonlinear Earth system dynamics. Beyond linear changes in time series properties such as mean, variance, or trend, these nonlinear regime shifts can manifest as changes in signal predictability, regularity, complexity, or higher-order stochastic properties such as multi-stability.In recent years, several classes of methods have been put forward to study these critical transitions in time series data that are based on concepts from nonlinear dynamics, complex systems science, information theory, and stochastic analysis. These includeapproaches such as phase space-based recurrence plots and recurrence networks, visibility graphs, order pattern-based entropies, and stochastic modelling.Here, we review and compare in detail several prominent methods from these fields by applying them to the same set of marine palaeoclimate proxy records of African climate variations during the past 5~million years. Applying these methods, we observe notable nonlinear transitions in palaeoclimate dynamics in these marine proxy records and discuss them in the context of important climate events and regimes such as phases of intensified Walker circulation, marine isotope stage M2, the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation and the mid-Pleistocene transition. We find that the studied approaches complement each other by allowing us to point out distinct aspects of dynamical regime shifts in palaeoclimate time series.We also detect significant correlations of these nonlinear regime shift indicators with variations of Earth's orbit, suggesting the latter as potential triggers of nonlinear transitions in palaeoclimate.Overall, the presented study underlines the potentials of nonlinear time series analysis approaches to provide complementary information on dynamical regime shifts in palaeoclimate and their driving processes that cannot be revealed by linear statistics or eyeball inspection of the data alone.

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Ultra-high resolution multivariate record and multiscale causal analysis of Pridoli (late Silurian): Implications for global stratigraphy, turnover events, and climate-biota interactions

Cited by 28 publications

References 167 publications

Dynamic ecophenotypy in the Silurian Monograptidae (Graptolithina)

Dynamic ecophenotypy in the Silurian Monograptidae (Graptolithina)

Revision of thelodonts, acanthodians, conodonts, and the depositional environments in the Burgen outlier (Ludlow, Silurian) of Gotland, Sweden

Nonlinear time series analysis of palaeoclimate proxy records

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