Ultra-Low Friction with a Protic Ionic Liquid Boundary Film at the Water-Lubricated Sapphire–Stainless Steel Interface

Espinosa, Tulia; Jiménez, Miguel; Sanes, J.; Jiménez, Ana-Eva; Iglesias, M.; Bermúdez, Marı́a-Dolores

doi:10.1007/s11249-013-0238-3

Cited by 105 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The commercial lubricant is composed mainly by linear chains whose function is stress dissipation. Also there were ester and carboxylic groups inside, as observed in the structural characterization, and they promoted anchoring onto the surface 16,19,20,[60][61][62] . Those structures are in agreement with the wettability results, since the longer the linear chains the bigger the area where they can place and interact on the metallic surface and anticipate good lubrication performance 20 .…”

Section: Lubricant Fluidmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Also, this chain is completely linear, without branches. Hence, this 2HEAPe longer anion chain was capable of stress dissipation, which reduced the coefficient of friction, as well as heteroatoms, capable of interacting with the metals 16,19,20,[60][61][62] , which aided to maintain the tribofilm in place along the experiment. 2HEAF, the PIL with the simplest structure and one carbon in the anion chain, could not reduce adhesion and yielded coefficient of friction similar as in the absence of lubricant in the ball-on-plate test, reflected in the impossibility to deform the aluminum 1100 as expected for the BUT test and in the stress concentration that provoked the rupture.…”

Section: Lubricant Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protic Ionic Liquids Used as Metal-Forming Green Lubricants for Aluminum: Effect of Anion Chain Length

et al. 2017

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Among the applications for protic ionic liquids (PILs), lubrication is one of the newest and the most promising. In this work, ammonium-based protic ionic liquids were tested as lubricant fluids for aluminum-steel contacts. PILs were synthesized with 2-hydroxyethylamine (2HEA) and a carboxylic acid (formic and pentanoic), aiming to understand the effect of two different anion chain lengths on the lubricant behavior. The synthesized PILs were characterized by RMN, FTIR and TGA. Wear tests, conducted using a ball-on-plate configuration, showed that the increase of the anion carbon chain length in the PIL structure reduced significantly the coefficient of friction value. Besides, after the wear tests, the PILs structural integrity was not affected. In the same way, bending under tension (BUT) tests evidenced that the performance for stamping conditions of the PIL with the longest anion carbon chain was similar to that of the commercial lubricant. Since, both formed a uniform tribofilm, developed the same lubrication regime and the drawing forces values were close and constant. Hence, the ionic liquid obtained with 2HEA and pentanoic acid (2HEAPe) is as suitable as the commercial lubricant for metal forming processes.

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Section: Lubricant Fluidmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Lubricant Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protic Ionic Liquids Used as Metal-Forming Green Lubricants for Aluminum: Effect of Anion Chain Length

et al. 2017

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“…Mean friction coefficients and wear volume were obtained after three tests under the same conditions. Volume loss (Vf ) was determined by image analysis after 45 wear track width (Wt) measurements for each test, according to Equation (13) [29]:…”

Section: Tribological Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another reason behind choosing ILs as our lubricant is the fact that they can be considered as green substances when they are free of halogens [12]. Experimental studies using halogen-free ILs have provided favorable results in the past [13,14]. This is a major advantage that these liquids hold over all the various commercially available lubricants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Friction Behavior of Halogen-Free Ionic Liquids in Elastohydrodynamic Regime

Janardhanan

Iglesias

2016

Lubricants

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Ionic Liquids have emerged as effective lubricants and additives to lubricants, in the last decade. Halogen-free ionic liquids have recently been considered as more environmentally stable than their halogenated counterparts, which tend to form highly toxic and corrosive acids when exposed to moisture. Most of the studies using ionic liquids as lubricants or additives of lubricants have been done experimentally. Due to the complex nature of the lubrication mechanism of these ordered fluids, the development of a theoretical model that predicts the ionic liquid lubrication ability is currently one of the biggest challenges in tribology. In this study, a suitable and existing friction model to describe lubricating ability of ionic liquids in the elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime is identified and compared to experimental results. Two phosphonium-based, halogen-free ionic liquids are studied as additives to a Polyalphaolefin base oil in steel-steel contacts using a ball-on-flat reciprocating tribometer. Experimental conditions (speed, load and roughness) are selected to ensure that operations are carried out in the elastohydrodynamic regime. Wear volume was also calculated for tests at high speed. A good agreement was found between the model and the experimental results when [THTDP][Phos] was used as an additive to the base oil, but some divergence was noticed when [THTDP][DCN] was added, particularly at the highest speed studied. A significant decrease in the steel disks wear volume is observed when 2.5 wt. % of the two ionic liquids were added to the base lubricant.

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“…Some very recent studies on protic ammonium species solely composed of C, O, N and H are very promising in preventing wear and giving ultra-low friction even in water [42,65,66], although the thermal stability of these species is not so high as that of the halogen-containing imidazolium salts.…”

Section: Halogen-free Il Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids in Surface Protection

Arias‐Pardilla

Espinosa

Bermúdez

2015

Electrochemistry in Ionic Liquids

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Ultra-Low Friction with a Protic Ionic Liquid Boundary Film at the Water-Lubricated Sapphire–Stainless Steel Interface

Cited by 105 publications

References 41 publications

Protic Ionic Liquids Used as Metal-Forming Green Lubricants for Aluminum: Effect of Anion Chain Length

Protic Ionic Liquids Used as Metal-Forming Green Lubricants for Aluminum: Effect of Anion Chain Length

Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Friction Behavior of Halogen-Free Ionic Liquids in Elastohydrodynamic Regime

Ionic Liquids in Surface Protection

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