Ultra-portable, wireless smartphone spectrometer for rapid, non-destructive testing of fruit ripeness

Das, Anshuman J.; Wahi, Akshat; Kothari, Ishan; Raskar, Ramesh

doi:10.1038/srep32504

Cited by 151 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…On image based analysis, Bayer filters in camera sensors have color overlaps, which would need to be removed to make measurements of specific light bands [19]. This means that in common cameras, RGB (Red, Green and Blue) channels represent broad and nonspecific sections of the light spectrum [20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast estimation of chlorophyll content on plant leaves using the light sensor of a smartphone

Pineda-Tobón¹,

Pérez²,

Gaviria-Palacio³

et al. 2017

DYNA

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Plant chlorophyll measurements can support nitrogen fertilization decisions. Using a 3D printed device and a red LED, here we tested the feasibility of using a smartphone ambient light sensor (ALS) to estimate leaf chlorophyll by light transmission. Its performance was evaluated by comparing 30 leaf sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) transmission readings of the red LED (663 nm) obtained from the smartphone and a standard spectrometer, which showed a good coefficient of determination (r 2 = 0.9067). Additionally, a comparison between the ALS and a SPAD 502 TM (a commercial device for chlorophyll content estimation) was made with chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) leaves, obtaining a good correlation between both measurements. Light transmission was also measured in S. bicolor flag leaves from plants growing in the greenhouse under increasing nitrogen fertilization. A clear fit between leaf light transmission and plant height was also observed, suggesting a simple, smartphone based estimation of plant's chlorophyll.Keywords: Plant nutrition; non-destructive chlorophyll meter; leaf light transmittance.Estimación rápida del contenido de clorofila en hojas usando el sensor de luz de un teléfono celular ResumenMedir clorofila puede apoyar decisiones de fertilización nitrogenada de plantas. Usando un dispositivo impreso en 3D y un LED rojo, aquí probamos la factibilidad de usar un teléfono celular para estimar clorofila por transmisión de luz. Al comparar 30 lecturas de trasmisión de luz roja (663 nm) por hojas de sorgo Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, obtenidas del teléfono y de un espectrómetro estándar, se encontró un buen coeficiente de determinación (r 2 = 0.9067). Adicionalmente, se hizo una comparación entre las lecturas del teléfono y un SPAD 502 TM (un dispositivo comercial para la estimación del contenido de clorofila) en hojas de crisantemo Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev, obteniendo una buena correlación entre ambas medidas. La transmisión medida en hojas de S. bicolor de plantas de invernadero fertilizadas con nitrógeno también presentó buen ajuste con la altura de las plantas, sugiriendo la posibilidad de estimar fácilmente el contenido de clorofila en hojas usando teléfonos inteligentes.Palabras clave: Nutrición vegetal; medición no destructiva de clorofila; transmisión de luz por hojas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast estimation of chlorophyll content on plant leaves using the light sensor of a smartphone

Pineda-Tobón¹,

Pérez²,

Gaviria-Palacio³

et al. 2017

DYNA

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“…Reprinted from refs. (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), and (i) with permission: CC‐BY 4.0 open access publication (a,g,i); Copyright 2015 and 2017, American Association for the Advancement of Science (b,c,d); Copyright 2001 and 2012, Royal Society of Chemistry (e,f); Copyright 2017, Springer Nature (h).…”

Section: Applications In Field Research and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable Multiplex Optical Assays

Coşkun

Topkaya

Yetisen

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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performed at home and results can be integrated by online interfaces. [5] The test results and diagnostic information can be analyzed by the medical professionals from remote locations, improving the connectivity of central hubs to the public venues.Numerous scientific discoveries have been made in advanced settings and wellequipped laboratories. The necessity and complexity of these environments limit access to research equipment worldwide. Thus, decentralization of research laboratories has become an alternative solution to improve access to experimentation in field conditions. For instance, a paper origami microscope [6] that fit into a palm of a student made a powerful investigation tool for environment and materials. A detailed analysis of sound recordings by smartphones enabled identification of distinct mosquitoes. [7] These fielddeployable devices and platforms have stimulated emergence of citizen scientists, a population that collectively performs scientific inquiries in public settings.Rich biomolecular measurements from field-portable devices improve the quality of results in terms of accuracy and depth. Monitoring multiple blood markers has enabled diagnostic precision and thorough scientific investigation of blood constituent in patients. Therefore, field-deployable devices should ideally have multiplexed detection of target specimens. Design of such multiplexed detection technologies requires decent complexity at low cost for wide-scale adoptability.In this article, we provide an overview of field-compatible devices with high parameter analysis capabilities for both health monitoring purposes and scientifically enlightening Global health issues are increasingly becoming critical with high fatality rate due to chronic and infectious diseases. Emerging technologies aim to address these problems by understanding the causes of lethal conditions and diagnosing symptoms at early stage. Existing commercial diagnostics primarily focus on single-plex assays due to ease-of-use, simplicity in analysis, and amenability to mass manufacturing. Many research grade devices have utilized only a few molecular and morphological signatures in bodily fluids. However, multiplex devices can improve accuracy, sensitivity, and scalability of research and diagnostic devices. This review presents multiplex assays that utilize optical, electrical, and chemical methods and materials that have the potential to improve portable point-of-care diagnostics. The critical role of emerging optical and complementary assays with multiple contrast mechanisms is investigated to enable highly multiplex analysis in field settings. Multiparameter portable devices for field applications toward health monitoring, food testing, air quality monitoring, and microanalysis in other extreme conditions are examined. Current trends indicate the need for validation of health diagnosis based on a large number of biomarkers in randomized clinical trials. Advanced digital analysis, crowdsourced solutions, and robust user interfaces will become an integral ...

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“…Fortunately, several portable spectrometers have become commercially available due to advancements in sensor and IT technology; e.g., startup companies such as Stratio, SCiO, and TellSpec have developed pocket-sized spectrometers [1][2][3]. Several research groups recently demonstrated that a low-cost smartphone spectrometer can be designed using off-the-shelf components [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing Device-to-Device Variation in the Spectral Response of Portable Spectrometers

Choi

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2019

Journal of Sensors

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As portable spectrometers have been developed, the research of spectral analysis has evolved from a traditional laboratory-based closed environment to a network-connected open environment. Consequently, its application areas are expanding in combination with machine learning techniques. The device-to-device variation in the spectral response of portable spectrometers is a critical issue in a machine learning-based service scenario since the classification performance is highly dependent on the consistency of spectral responses from each spectrometer. To minimize device-to-device variation, a cuboid prism is employed instead of a combination of mirrors and prism to construct an optical system for the spectrometer. The spectral responses are calibrated to correct pixel shift on the image sensor. Experimental results show that the proposed method can minimize the device-to-device variation in spectral response of portable spectrometers.

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Ultra-portable, wireless smartphone spectrometer for rapid, non-destructive testing of fruit ripeness

Cited by 151 publications

References 36 publications

Fast estimation of chlorophyll content on plant leaves using the light sensor of a smartphone

Fast estimation of chlorophyll content on plant leaves using the light sensor of a smartphone

Portable Multiplex Optical Assays

Minimizing Device-to-Device Variation in the Spectral Response of Portable Spectrometers

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