Ultra‐Sensitive and Quick‐Responsive Hybrid‐Supercapacitive Iontronic Pressure Sensor for Intuitive Electronics and Artificial Tactile Applications

Abstract

Recent advances in supercapacitive pressure sensors based on iontronic film have a significant capacitive response and a low detection limit due to their large capacitance change resulting from electrical double layer (EDL) and these pressure sensors are used to detect a wide range of pressure with high resolution for various applications such as prosthesis, wearable devices, and robotics. Thus, the enhancements to the EDL capacitive response are significantly important challenges for advanced applications with outstanding performances. Herein, an ultra‐sensitive and quick‐responsive hybrid‐supercapacitive iontronic pressure sensor using a novel sensing mechanism and facile fabrication technique is reported to overcome the limitations of the existing iontronic pressure sensors. As a sensing material, conductive polymer and carbon nanotube are incorporated into the iontronic film, as pseudo‐ and EDL‐capacitive material, respectively. Moreover, vinyl silica nanoparticle (VSNP) is used to decrease the recovery time by making the iontronic film quick‐response. The developed hybrid‐supercapacitive pressure sensor exhibited an ultra‐high sensitivity of 301.5 kPa−1 over a wide pressure range of up to 63.3 kPa along with a fast recovery time of ≈32 ms. It is believed that the proposed hybrid‐supercapacitive mechanism in iontronic film will significantly enhance the performance of conventional iontronic pressure sensors.

Electric Double Layer Based Epidermal Electronics for Healthcare and Human-Machine Interface

“…Concurrently, the other Figure 1. Representative applications of epidermal electronics in healthcare and human-machine interaction [24][25][26][27][28]. Reproduced with permission from [24][25][26][27][28].…”

“… Representative applications of epidermal electronics in healthcare and human-machine interaction [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Reproduced with permission from [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. …”

“…It is our hope that this review will serve as a comprehensive guide to the current state and future prospects of epidermal electronics, laying a solid foundation for the development of the next generation of wearable electronics. Representative applications of epidermal electronics in healthcare and human-machine interaction [24][25][26][27][28]. Reproduced with permission from [24][25][26][27][28].…”

Highly Sensitive Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Porous Hierarchical Structure Realized by a Microwave Curing Method

“…Under external pressure, the surface of the ionic liquid polymeric gel membrane produces an electric double layer effect, which further promotes the capacitance change of the capacitive pressure sensors. [20][21][22][23][24] For example, Cui prepared a flexible and breathable all-nanofiber iontronic pressure sensor with a high sensitivity of 6.21 kPa À1 . [24] Recently, ionic liquid polymeric gel membranes and microstructures were simultaneously introduced into capacitive pressure sensors to further enhance their sensitivity.…”

Stretchable strain sensor of composite hydrogels with high fatigue resistance and low hysteresis

“…11,12 Conductive hydrogels can be divided into two categories according to the type of charge carrier: electrically conductive hydrogels and ionically conductive hydrogels. 13 Electrically conductive hydrogels are prepared by doping conductive llers (e.g., silver nanowires, 14 carbon nanotubes, 15 and PEDOT:PSS 16 ) into the hydrogel matrix, where electrons are the charge carriers. Electrically conductive hydrogels usually show high sensitivity, while the interface failure between the conductive ller and the hydrogel matrix will cause a large hysteresis and deterioration of the sensing performance under cyclic loads.…”