A fiber optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor with sensitivity to strain, magnetic field, and bending was designed by splicing single-mode fiber (SMF) and dispersion compensation fiber (DCF). MZI is a sandwich structure of "SMF -tapered DCF -SMF". MZI1 and MZI2 are prepared by pulling DCF to different lengths using a fiber optic fusion tapering machine respectively. MZI1 with tapered structure is quite sensitive to axial strain, and the experimentally obtained axial strain sensitivity is -21.6 pm/με. Then, sticking MZI1 and magnetostrictive material together can form a magnetic field sensor. The experiment found that within the range of 15 mT to 140 mT, there is an excellent parabolic fitting relationship between the dip wavelength of MZI1 spectrum and magnetic field intensity, with a fitting coefficient of 0.9997. The curvature of the bending was measured using MZI2, achieving a sensitivity of 10.1 nm/m -1 and a linearity of 0.9906.