Ultrafast X-ray computed tomography for the analysis of gas–solid fluidized beds

Visualization and quantitative analysis of dispersive mixing by a helical static mixer in upward co-current gas–liquid flow

“…It is a fast cross-sectional imaging technique, which has already proven its usefulness for two and three phase flow studies in various other applications [28][29][30][31]. Images are generated by reconstructing the in-plane distribution of the material density from radiographic projections, which are generated from X-ray produced by a rapidly scanned electron beam.…”

Fast X-ray tomography for the quantification of the bubbling-, turbulent- and fast fluidization-flow regimes and void structures

“…X-Ray Tomography (XRT) is a useful, non-intrusive technique. At present 2D radiographic projections [2], single beam Ultrafast XRT [3] and multiple beams Fast XRT [4] are being used. The hydrodynamics of the bubbling and fast fluidization regimes are rather well understood, but interest in the turbulent regime has only strongly increased in the last two decades.…”

Process tomography and estimation of velocity fields

“…The system has been used, for example, to determine the velocities of voids in fluidized beds. An X-ray CT system based on electron beam scanning was introduced in Bieberle et al (2009), Fischer and and Bieberle, Barthel, and Hampel (2012). The system reaches frame rates of up to 8000 frames/s and can also be operated in dual plane mode.…”