Ultrasensitive and Selective Electrochemical Sensor Based on Yttrium Benzenetricarboxylate Porous Coordination Polymer (Y-BTC) for Detection of Pb²⁺ from Bio-Analytes

Abstract

Due to industrialization, the presence of heavy metal ions in various sources of drinking water causes damage to the ecosystem. Determination of heavy metal ions is still arduous due to their toxicity and carcinogenic behavior to humankind. The present investigation deals with the development of a novel ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of Lead (Pb2+) from pesticide and fruit cores. Repetitive laboratory-scale aqueous samples have been tested to validate all sensing parameters, particularly the selectivity of the sensing material towards Pb2+. Hydrothermally synthesized yttrium porous coordination polymer (Y-BTC) has been characterized by means of structural, morphological, electrochemical, and spectroscopic characterizations and utilized as a sensing material. Y-BTC Sensor's differential pulse behavior shows affinity towards Pb2+, a detailed sensing mechanism further illustrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies, DLS measurements, deformation studies by photoluminescence spectra, and charge transfer resistance obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data. The developed Y-BTC sensor showcased an excellent Picomolar detection limit of 1 pM. Reliability of the developed sensor was confirmed by evaluation of sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. The proposed sensor would play a vital role in monitoring human health.

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