Ultrasonic Extraction of Java Ginseng Leaves (Talinum Triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) with Variables of Ethanol Solution Ratio and Extraction Time

Abstract

Indonesia has abundant biodiversity for types of plants that are thought to have efficacy as herbal medicines. Javanese Ginseng (Talinum Triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) is one of them, so it is necessary to conduct research to utilize it. The purpose of this study was to determine the process conditions to obtain the highest extraction yield and to determine what components of flavonoid bioactive compounds contained in the Javanese Ginseng extract. As part of the ultrasonic extraction method, the variables tested were, among others, various ratios between ethanol-dried Javanese Ginseng powder and sonication time. Javanese ginseng was dried in an oven at 60°C for 4 days to a moisture content of less than 4%, then ground and filtered using a 40-mesh filter. The first phase of this study was to test the various ratios of solutions between dried Javanese Ginseng powder and 96% ethanol (m/v), which were 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 at constant concentration for 30 minutes. The second phase is to vary the sonication time, namely 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes at a constant solution ratio, namely the ratio with the highest extract yield obtained from extraction with various solution ratios between dried Java Ginseng powder and 96% ethanol (m/v). Through this research, the ultrasonic wavelength used was 40kHz and the temperature of the water bath to concentrate the Javanese Ginseng was set at a temperature of 50 – 60oC. The best yield of both phases was 10.14% for the parameter ratio 1:5 (m/v) and the sonication time was 30 minutes with an extract pH of 4.36, a density of 1.0415 g/cm³, and a greenish-brown color.