Ultrasonography and X-ray micro-computed tomography characterization of the effects caused by carrageenin in the muscle of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Participation of Hepcidins in the Inflammatory Response Triggered by λ-Carrageenin in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

“…However, as homeostatic mechanism seemed to be initiated in in vivo assays at 12 and 24 h after carrageenin injection in seabream, we focused on earlier sampling times (1.5, 3, and 6 h p.i.) (Campos-Sánchez et al 2021a , b , c , d , 2022a , b ). Therefore, different and consistent expression patterns of hepcidins were found in HK (particularly in leucocytes), liver, and skin during the inflammatory response caused by intramuscular injection of λ-carrageenin.…”

“…Recently, we have optimized an in vivo carrageenin-induced acute inflammation model for gilthead seabream (Campos-Sánchez et al 2021a ; 2022a ). In addition, the use of non-invasive techniques such as real-time ultrasound or micro-CT has also provided high-quality images of this complex process (Campos-Sánchez et al 2022b ). Taking into account our previous results, the present study aimed to evaluate the role of hepcidins in various tissues of seabream after triggering acute experimental inflammation by intramuscular injection of λ-carrageenin.…”

Implication of adipocytes from subcutaneous adipose tissue and fatty acids in skin inflammation caused by λ-carrageenin in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

“…In addition, although carrageenin injection had no impact on systemic immunity of gilthead seabream, it led to an increase in the number of skin mucus-secreting cells and acidophilic granulocytes, as well as up-regulation of proinflammatory genes in the skin near the injection site [38,40]. These events were associated with increased skin thickness, edema, and emphysema in the underlying muscle, which were the symptoms observed in human necrotizing fasciitis [39]. Considering the localized effects caused by carrageenin injection, in the present study we Table 3 Lipid class analysis of gilthead seabream skin samples at 3 and 6 h post-injection with PBS or λ-carrageenin.…”

“…In fish, carrageenin has been used to induce inflammation at different body sites in several fish species, such as plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) [29], carp (Cyprinus carpio) [23], Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) [30], pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) [31,32] and zebrafish (Danio rerio) [33][34][35]. More recently, the inflammatory response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) has been studied by our team, providing diverse information on gene expression [36,37], humoral and cellular immune parameters [38] and the use of non-invasive techniques such as real-time ultrasound or micro-CT to study this complex process [39]. In addition, previous work has evidenced the local effect of mucus-secreting cells of the skin in the inflamed area at 3 h after carrageenin injection by immunohistochemical assay [40].…”

The Distinctive Forehead Cleft of the Risso’s Dolphin (Grampus griseus) Hardly Affects Biosonar Beam Formation

“…While we were unable to measure the acoustic properties of the head tissues at the time, previous studies have found linear relationships between the tissue properties (e.g., sound speed, density, and acoustic impedance) and HU values across different odontocete species [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Therefore, for our Risso’s dolphin, we relied on the HU-to-sound-speed and HU-to-density relationships from previous measurements with Yangtze finless porpoise [ 26 ].…”