Ultrasound Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Based on dimetyl (E)‐2‐[(Z)‐1‐acetyl)‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐propenyl]‐2‐butenedioate for Determination of Total Amount of Iron in Water and Tea Samples

Abstract

An ultrasound assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) is successfully used for extraction and determination of trace amount of iron in water and tea samples, followed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). In this approach, a new synthetic ligand dimetyl (E)-2-[(Z)-1-acetyl)-2-hydroxy-1-propenyl]-2-butenedioate (DAHPB) is used as chelating agent and chloroform is selected as an extraction solvent. The factors influencing the complex formation and extraction by USAEME method are optimized. These factors are extraction solvent type as well as extraction volume, time, temperature, pH, and the amount of chelating agent. Under optimum conditions, an enrichment factor of 202.9 is obtained from only 7.1 mL of aqueous phase. The calibration graph using the preconcentration system for iron is linear between 40.0 and 800.0 mg L -1 with a detection limit of 7.4 mg L -1 . The relative standard deviation (R.S.D) for ten replicate measurements of 500.0 mg L -1 of iron is 2.5%. Article Khayatian and Hassanpoor Scheme IDimetyl (E)-2-[(Z)-1-acetyl)-2-hydroxy-1-propenyl]-2-butenedioate (DAHPB)

Application of liquid‐phase microextraction to the analysis of plant and herbal samples

“…Compared with papers devoted to the determination of organic substances, the number of articles that address the determination of inorganic elements is much lower. The determination of inorganics in plant materials include single‐element analysis, such as determination of cobalt, 87,88 copper, 89–91 lead, 92,93 mercury, 94 manganese, 95 molybdenum, 96,97 selenium, 98 thallium 99 and iron, 100 as well as multi‐element analysis, such as simultaneous determination of cadmium and nickel; 101 copper and cadmium; 102 cadmium, cobalt and lead; 77 and lead, chromium and cadmium 103 . The majority of papers are focused on the determination of the total element content in the samples, and only a few articles are devoted to speciation analysis of copper, 91 manganese, 95 selenium 98 and thallium 99 .…”

“…The most frequently analysed samples are a variety tea samples, 88,98 including black tea; 87,100,102 green and black tea; 89,90,101 black, green, red and white tea; 77 tea leaves and tea infusions; 99 green tea, chrysanthemum tea, white tea and jasmine tea; 95 herbal tea samples, such as dried flowers of linden tree for linden tea 93 . In addition, herbal medicines, 103 a medicinal plant, 92 leaves of plants such as mint, pepper black and fenugreek, 97 pine leaf, cigarette tobacco, 94 Rhizoma coptidis 91 and sugar cane leaves 96 have been analysed.…”

“…Similarly, as in the case of organic analytes, before the microextraction procedure the target analytes have to be transferred from solid plant samples into an aqueous phase. For this purpose, acid digestion, 87–91,100–102 microwave digestion, 77,95,96,98,99 or mineralisation by heating 97 have been reported.…”

“…However, various ionic liquids are also used 77,92,93,95–97 . Methods such as DLLME‐SFO, 90 USAEME‐SFO, 101 USAEME 100,103 or the application of DES‐UALPME 88 are employed to a lesser extent.…”

Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction and preconcentration of trace amounts of silver ions as a cyclam complex

“…Scheme 1 Schematic representation of USAEME enrichment method solution was determined by FAAS Hassanpoor 2012b andHassanpoor 2013).…”