Ultrastructural analysis of ruptured tendon from anabolic steroid users

Evans, Nick; Bowrey, David J.; Newman, Geoffrey R.

doi:10.1016/s0020-1383(98)00183-1

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our study has also not shown any morphological alterations of collagen fibrils by TEM, but modifications in the crimp pattern and biomechanical properties (Wood et al 1988) and tendon rupture (Evans et al 1998) by the steroids have been reported. Other studies have also associated the use of AAS with inefficacious tendon extensibility (Inhofe et al 1995;Miles et al 1992), tendinopathies (Visuri and Lindholm 1994), tendon rupture (Shahidi 2001;Battista et al 2003), and impairment of collagen homeostasis (Michna 1986;Michna 1987;Laseter and Russell 1991;Pärssinen et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

“…Other studies have also associated the use of AAS with inefficacious tendon extensibility (Inhofe et al 1995;Miles et al 1992), tendinopathies (Visuri and Lindholm 1994), tendon rupture (Shahidi 2001;Battista et al 2003), and impairment of collagen homeostasis (Michna 1986;Michna 1987;Laseter and Russell 1991;Pärssinen et al 2000). AAS administration has been shown to modify the biochemical properties of the tendon by altering collagen structure (Laseter and Russell 1991;Evans et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have found no information concerning the presence of AR in tendon fibroblasts (tenocytes) in the literature. Nevertheless, inactivity, exercise, or steroid hormones levels have been associated with adaptive changes in the morphology, mechanical properties, and/or molecular biology of tendons (Simonsen et al 1995;Birch et al 1999;Järvinen et al 2002;Benevides et al 2004;See et al 2004;Kjaer et al 2006;Marqueti et al 2006Marqueti et al , 2008 or even with tendon pathologies (Michna 1987;Laseter and Russell 1991;Miles et al 1992;Visuri and Lindholm 1994;Evans et al 1998). Since tendons connect muscles to bones and have a key role in musculoskeletal biomechanics, the augmented muscle power and mass described for AAS users or keen sporting persons will probably be reflected in tendon response to the new loading conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of high intensity aerobic exercise and mesterolone on remodeling of Achilles tendon of C57BL/6 transgenic mice

et al. 2009

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The effect of mesterolone and intensive treadmill training (6 weeks, 5 days/week, means: 15.82 m/min and 45.8 min/day) in Achilles tendon remodeling was evaluated. Sedentary mice treated with mesterolone (Sed-M) or vehicle (Sed-C, placebo/control) and corresponding exercised (Ex-M and Ex-C) were examined. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used for determining collagen bands and hydroxyproline concentration. Collagen fibril diameter, the area and number of fibrils contained in an area probe, and the ultrastructure of fibroblasts (tenocytes) were determined. The presence of collagen was notable in the tendons of all groups. Collagen alpha(1/)alpha(2) bands in Sed-M, Ex-C, and Ex-M were higher than in Sed-C, as shown by hydroxyproline content, but collagen beta-chain appeared only in Ex-C. Noticeable bands of non-collagenous proteins were found in Sed-M and Ex-M. The number of fibrils in the area probe increased markedly in Sed-M and Ex-C (12-fold), but their diameter and area were unchanged compared with Sed-C. In Ex-M, the fibril number decreased by three-fold to 3.5-fold compared with Sed-M and Ex-C, whereas diameter and area increased. Sed-C tenocytes appeared quiescent, whereas those in the other groups seemed to be engaged in protein synthesis. The density of tenocytes was smaller in Sed-C than in Ex-C, Sed-M, and Ex-M. Thus, mechanical stimuli and mesterolone alter the morphology of tenocytes and the composition of the tendon, probably through fibrillogenesis and/or increased intermolecular cross-links. The ergogenic effect is evidenced by the activation of collagenous and non-collagenous protein synthesis and the increase in the diameter and area of collagen fibrils. This study might be relevant to clinical sports medicine.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of high intensity aerobic exercise and mesterolone on remodeling of Achilles tendon of C57BL/6 transgenic mice

et al. 2009

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“…High and multi-doses of AAS used for these purposes can lead to serious and irreversible organ damage (Maravelias et al 2005). It was shown that AAS alters the biomechanical properties of tendons (Evans et al 1998;Marqueti et al 2010), reducing tendon flexibility, which is suggested to increase the risk of tendon rupture in AAS abusers (Miller et al 2005). Previous studies have also demonstrated that administration of AAS inhibits the activity of MMPs, possibly impairing tendon remodeling (Dheda et al 2004;Marqueti et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression in distinct regions of rat tendons in response to jump training combined with anabolic androgenic steroid administration

et al. 2011

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of key genes responsible for tendon remodeling of the proximal and distal regions of calcaneal tendon (CT), intermediate and distal region of superficial flexor tendon (SFT) and proximal, intermediate and distal region of deep flexor tendon (DFT) submitted to 7 weeks of jumping water load exercise in combination with AAS administration. Wistar male rats were grouped as follows: sedentary (S), trained (jumping water load exercise) (T), sedentary animals treated with AAS (5 mg/kg, twice a week) and animals treated with AAS and trained (AAST). mRNA levels of COL1A1, COL3A1, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-2, IGF-IEa, GAPDH, CTGF and TGF-β-1 were evaluated by quantitative PCR. Our main results indicated that mRNA levels alter in different regions in each tendon of sedentary animals. The training did not alter the expression of COL1A1, COL3A, IGF-IEa and MMP-2 genes, while AAS administration or its combination with training reduced their expression. This study indicated that exercise did not alter the expression of collagen and related growth factors in different regions of rat tendon. Moreover, the pattern of gene expression was distinct in the different tendon regions of sedentary animals. Although, the RNA yield levels of CT, SFT and DFT were not distinct in each region, these regions possess not only the structural and biochemical difference, but also divergence in the expression of key genes involved in tendon adaptation.

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“…Also, ACE increase the CTGF synthesis, which is a potent stimulator of type I collagen synthesis and fibrosis 23 . It is possible to suggest that these results could be associated to tendon maladaptive remodeling, once we have previously demonstrated that AAS alters the biomechanical properties of tendons, reducing tendon flexibility, led to greater stiffness and would increase the risk of tendon rupture in AAS abusers 11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nandrolone increases angiotensin-I converting enzyme activity in rats tendons

Marqueti

Hashimoto

Durigan

et al. 2015

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been associated with several biological processes of the human body, regulating, among others blood pressure and water and electrolytes balance. Moreover, RAS also regulates connective tissue growth. Recently, studies have shown that the use of nandrolone modifies the angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity and increases collagen deposition in the heart. Objective: The aim of study was to evaluate the Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity in the superficial flexor tendon (SFT) and in serum after load exercise in combination with anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) administration after training session and six weeks of detraining. Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were used into two groups (G1 and G2) subdivided into four subgroups: Sedentary (S); trained (T); AAS-treated (Deca-Durabolin

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Ultrastructural analysis of ruptured tendon from anabolic steroid users

Cited by 46 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of high intensity aerobic exercise and mesterolone on remodeling of Achilles tendon of C57BL/6 transgenic mice

Effect of high intensity aerobic exercise and mesterolone on remodeling of Achilles tendon of C57BL/6 transgenic mice

Gene expression in distinct regions of rat tendons in response to jump training combined with anabolic androgenic steroid administration

Nandrolone increases angiotensin-I converting enzyme activity in rats tendons

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