Ultrastructural changes in tomato infected with tomato leaf curl virus, a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus

Channarayappa, Channarayappa; Muniyappa, V.; Schwegler-Berry, D.; Shivashankar, G. V.

doi:10.1139/b92-216

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Both were restricted to the phloem, irrespective of the host. These findings are consistent with many tissue localization reports using manifold techniques for systemically infected leaves (3,4,42,43). Michelson et al (26) have observed TYLCV DNA in tissues other than phloem in the inoculated leaves of tomatoes, independently of whether the plants carried the Ty-1 TYLCV tolerance gene or not.…”

Section: Vol 78 2004 Tylcv and Tylcsv In Single Nuclei 10719supporting

confidence: 90%

Tête à Tête of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus in Single Nuclei

Morilla

Krenz

Jeske

et al. 2004

J Virol

105

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Since 1997 two distinct geminivirus species, Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), have caused a similar yellow leaf curl disease in tomato, coexisted in the fields of southern Spain, and very frequently doubly infected single plants. Tomatoes as well as experimental test plants (e.g., Nicotiana benthamiana) showed enhanced symptoms upon mixed infections under greenhouse conditions. Viral DNA accumulated to a similar extent in singly and doubly infected plants. In situ tissue hybridization showed TYLCSV and TYLCV DNAs to be confined to the phloem in both hosts, irrespective of whether they were inoculated individually or in combination. The number of infected nuclei in singly or doubly infected plants was determined by in situ hybridization of purified nuclei. The percentage of nuclei containing viral DNA (i.e., 1.4% in tomato or 6% in N. benthamiana) was the same in plants infected with either TYLCSV, TYLCV, or both. In situ hybridization of doubly infected plants, with probes that discriminate between both DNAs, revealed that at least one-fifth of infected nuclei harbored DNAs from both virus species. Such a high number of coinfected nuclei may explain why recombination between different geminivirus DNAs occurs frequently. The impact of these findings for epidemiology and for resistance breeding concerning tomato yellow leaf curl diseases is discussed.

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Section: Vol 78 2004 Tylcv and Tylcsv In Single Nuclei 10719supporting

confidence: 90%

Tête à Tête of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus in Single Nuclei

Morilla

Krenz

Jeske

et al. 2004

J Virol

105

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“…Host choice can be affected by leaf architecture and colour (Sippell et al. 1987), leaf pubescence (McAuslane 1996), cuticle thickness (Channarayappa et al. 1992) and metabolites that play a role as repellent or attractant (Chermenskaya et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of silverleaf whitefly resistance in pepper

Firdaus¹,

Heusden²,

Harpenas

et al. 2011

Plant Breeding

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Whitefly is economically one of the most threatening pests of pepper worldwide, which is mainly caused by its ability to transmit many different viruses. In this research, we characterized pepper germplasm to identify whitefly-resistant accessions that will form the basis for future resistance breeding. Forty-four pepper accessions representing four species (Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. baccatum) were screened for resistance to whiteflies. Screening parameters were adult survival (AS) and oviposition rate (OR) in a no-choice test and whitefly, egg and nymphal density in free-choice tests. To combine parameters in free-choice tests, a plant resistance value was calculated. The results show that AS and OR were significantly different among accessions and were positively correlated, which was also the case for the parameters in the free-choice tests. Accessions identified as highly resistant in no-choice and free-choice tests generally were C. annuum. Whitefly density and OR correlated positively with trichome density and negatively with cuticle thickness of leaves.

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“…The role of chloroplasts in the life cycle of plant DNA-viruses needs to be examined. In studies of cellular alterations induced by various geminiviruses in systemically infected plants, dramatic morphological changes in the ultrastructure of chloroplasts were identified, such as vesiculated entities, reduced starch and chlorophyll content, accumulation of fibrillar inclusions, virus-like particles, and vDNA within plastids (Esau, 1933; Jeske and Werz, 1978, 1980a,b; Schuchalter-Eicke and Jeske, 1983; Jeske and Schuchalter-Eicke, 1984; Jeske, 1986; Gröning et al, 1987, 1990; Rushing et al, 1987; Channarayappa et al, 1992). For AbMV it was shown that the severity of chloroplast structure remodeling was dependent on light intensity, and diurnal and seasonal conditions.…”

Section: Plastids and Stromules In Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The induction of stromule formation by a plant DNA-virus in epidermal leaf tissues suggests a novel intra- and intercellular macromolecular trafficking route

2012

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Stromules are dynamic thin protrusions of membrane envelope from plant cell plastids. Despite considerable progress in understanding the importance of certain cytoskeleton elements and motor proteins for stromule maintenance, their function within the cell has yet to be unraveled. Several viruses cause a remodulation of plastid structures and stromule biogenesis within their host plants. For RNA-viruses these interactions were demonstrated to be relevant to the infection process. An involvement of plastids and stromules is assumed in the DNA-virus life cycle as well, but their functional role needs to be determined. Recent findings support a participation of heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein (cpHSC70-1)-containing stromules induced by a DNA-virus infection (Abutilon mosaic virus, AbMV, Geminiviridae) in intra- and intercellular molecule exchange. The chaperone cpHSC70-1 was shown to interact with the AbMV movement protein (MP). Bimolecular fluorescence complementation confirmed the interaction of cpHSC70-1 and MP, and showed a homo-oligomerization of either protein in planta. The complexes were detected at the cellular margin and co-localized with plastids. In healthy plant tissues cpHSC70-1-oligomers occurred in distinct spots at chloroplasts and in small filaments extending from plastids to the cell periphery. AbMV-infection induced a cpHSC70-1-containing stromule network that exhibits elliptical dilations and transverses whole cells. Silencing of the cpHSC70 gene revealed an impact of cpHSC70 on chloroplast stability and restricted AbMV movement, but not viral DNA accumulation. Based on these data, a model is suggested in which these stromules function in molecule exchange between plastids and other organelles and perhaps other cells. AbMV may utilize cpHSC70-1 for trafficking along plastids and stromules into a neighboring cell or from plastids into the nucleus. Experimental approaches to investigate this hypothesis are discussed.

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Ultrastructural changes in tomato infected with tomato leaf curl virus, a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Tête à Tête of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus in Single Nuclei

Tête à Tête of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus in Single Nuclei

Identification of silverleaf whitefly resistance in pepper

The induction of stromule formation by a plant DNA-virus in epidermal leaf tissues suggests a novel intra- and intercellular macromolecular trafficking route

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