Ultrastructural damage in Streptococcus mutans incubated with saliva and histatin 5

Fernández-Presas, Ana María; Torres, Yezid; Gonzalez, Rosa Maria; Torres, Ascención; Fauser, I. Becker; Barrera, Hugo; García, B.; Medina, Rosalba; Domínguez, J. Delgado; Soriano, J.L. Molinarí

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.004

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…(f) Discontinuties in the cell wall (CW) and in the plasma membrane (PM), a granular pattern is exhibited in the cytoplasm (C), and pyknotic nucleoid (N)different peptides. These findings have also been observed in a previous study with S. mutans after the incubation with histatin 5(Fern andez-Presas et al, 2018). Bacteria incubated with different salivary peptides exhibited pyknotic nucleoids, based on these observations, and in previous studies, we could propose that these peptides (cystatin C, histatin 5, or chromogranin A) can penetrate the cell wall and plasma membrane, accumulating within the cells and interacting with the bacterial DNA, suggesting that these peptides can lead to cell death by apoptosis, as observed under TEM.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

Study of the ultrastructure of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans incubated with salivary antimicrobial peptides

Blancas

Lanzagorta²,

Jiménez‐García

et al. 2021

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Objectives Enterococcus faecalis has been associated with root canal infections, while Streptococcus mutans has a central role in the etiology of dental caries. One of the main reasons of endodontic failure has been associated to the presence of E. faecalis and the formation of biofilms. S. mutans inhabits the oral cavity, specifically the dental plaque, which is a multispecies biofilm formed on the hard surfaces of the tooth. The biofilm formation is the main factor determining the pathogenicity of numerous bacteria. Natural antimicrobial peptides in the saliva protect against pathogenic bacteria and biofilms. The aim of this study was to assess the ultrastructural damage induced by salivary peptides in bacteria involved in biofilms has not been previously studied. Material and methods Enterococcus faecalis and S. mutans incubated with cystatin C, chromogranin A, or histatin 5 were morphologically analyzed and counted. The ultrastructural damage was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results A decrease in bacterial numbers was observed after incubation with cystatin C, chromogranin A, or histatin 5, compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Ultrastructural damage in E. faecalis and S. mutans incubated with salivary peptides was found in the cell wall, plasma membrane with a decreased distance between the bilayers, a granular pattern in the cytoplasm, and pyknotic nucleoids. Conclusions This study demonstrated that salivary peptides exert antibacterial activity and induce morphological damage on E. faecalis and S. mutans. Knowledge on the ultrastructural damage inflicted by salivary antimicrobial peptides on two important bacteria causing dental caries and root canal infections could aid the design of new therapeutic approaches to facilitate the elimination of these bacteria.

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supporting

confidence: 89%

Study of the ultrastructure of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans incubated with salivary antimicrobial peptides

Blancas

Lanzagorta²,

Jiménez‐García

et al. 2021

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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“…These concentrations has strongly anti-biofilm of S. mutans and consistent with research that states the mechanism of action of salivary peptides in each individual varies greatly depending on the concentration of the peptide. As known, during the process of infection, antimicrobial peptides have several simultaneous mechanisms action, combining the process of destabilizing cell membranes and inhibiting intracellular targets [16]. Antimicrobial mechanisms can affect bacterial cell targets and the physical properties of the membranes that interact were known to be influenced by concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Biofilm of Various Histatin 5 Concentrations Against Streptococcus Mutans From Salivary Isolate

Syafriza¹,

Sutadi²,

Primasari³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the 1st Aceh International Dental Meeting (AIDEM 2019), Oral Health International Conference on Art, Nature and

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Streptococcus mutan is the main agent infection of dental caries. Histatin 5 has been reported as the antimicrobial agents also to prevent the formation of biofilms of oral pathogen biofilm, like S. mutans involve in dental caries pathogenesis. This study aims to determine the effect of anti-biofilm of histatin 5 on the S. mutans salivary isolate. Identify of S. mutans used to the selective medium (TYS20B) also confirmed by Gram staining and the antibiofilm S. mutans was assayed by crystal violet 0.1% µl/U. Meanwhile, the value of anti-biofilm analyzed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader, based on the optical density in wavelength 575 nm. The potency of the histatin 5 to anti-biofilm of S. mutans salivary isolate among the concentration 25 and 50 ppm higher than the positive control, but in 12.5 and 6.25 ppm are lower than the positive control. Among concentration as the anti-biofilm of S. mutans were significant (p<0.05). Histatin 5 has potential as the anti-biofilm of S. mutans and the concentration of 50 and 25 ppm can be recommended for the simulation of anti-S. mutans.

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“…The lack of a direct antibacterial effect against GAS adds to the list of contradictory effects of Hst5 against streptococci reported in the literature [27][28][29][30][31][32]. Given the sensitivity of these assays to ionic strength [15,[22][23][24][25][26] and peptide purity or identity [9,33], the effects of Hst5 on GAS and five oral streptococci, namely S. anginosus, S. mutans, S. oralis, S. salivarius, and S. sanguinis, were examined here in parallel.…”

Section: Hst5 Does Not Exert Direct Antibacterial Effects Against Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of metal binding in the function of the human salivary antimicrobial peptide histatin-5

Stewart

Hong

Holmes

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The family of human salivary histidine-rich peptides known as histatins bind zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), but whether they contribute to nutritional immunity by influencing Zn and/or Cu availability has not been examined. We hypothesised that histatin-5 (Hst5) limits Zn availability (and promotes bacterial Zn starvation) and/or raises Cu availability (and promotes bacterial Cu poisoning). To test this hypothesis, Group A Streptococcus (GAS), which colonises the human oropharynx, was used as a model bacterium. Contrary to our hypothesis, Hst5 did not strongly influence Zn availability. This peptide did not induce expression of Zn uptake genes in GAS, nor did it suppress growth of an ΔadcAI mutant strain that is impaired in Zn uptake. Equilibrium competition measurements confirmed that Hst5 binds Zn weakly and does not compete with the high-affinity Zn uptake protein AdcAI for binding Zn. By contrast, Hst5 bound Cu with a high affinity and strongly influenced Cu availability. However, contrary to our hypothesis, Hst5 did not promote Cu toxicity. Instead, this peptide suppressed expression of Cu-inducible genes in GAS, stopped intracellular accumulation of Cu, and rescued growth of a ΔcopA mutant strain that is impaired in Cu efflux in the presence of added Cu. These findings led us to propose a new role for Hst5 and salivary histatins as major Cu buffers in saliva that reduce the potential negative effects of Cu exposure to microbes. We speculate that histatins promote oral and oropharyngeal health by contributing to microbial homeostasis in these host niches.

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Ultrastructural damage in Streptococcus mutans incubated with saliva and histatin 5

Cited by 16 publications

References 56 publications

Study of the ultrastructure of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans incubated with salivary antimicrobial peptides

Study of the ultrastructure of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans incubated with salivary antimicrobial peptides

Anti-Biofilm of Various Histatin 5 Concentrations Against Streptococcus Mutans From Salivary Isolate

The role of metal binding in the function of the human salivary antimicrobial peptide histatin-5

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