Ultraviolet A-induced oxidation in cornea: Characterization of the early oxidation-related events

Ultraviolet A light induces DNA damage and estrogen-DNA adducts in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy causing females to be more affected

“…We previously showed that UVA activates the Nrf-2-mediated antioxidant pathway and induces apoptosis in corneal endothelial cells in vitro (42). A recent study demonstrated that UVA irradiation (600 J/cm 2 ) of rabbit corneas ex vivo increased redox imbalance in the endothelium compared to the outermost epithelial layer, rendering endothelial cells more susceptible to UVA-induced oxidative damage (6). Safety studies for corneal cross-linking studies done in rabbits have determined that high doses of UVA are cytotoxic to corneal endothelial cells (43,44).…”

“…The formation of guttae and CE cell loss starts in the center of the cornea and extends into the periphery as FECD progresses. The cornea is in the direct path of ultraviolet (UV) light, and the central cornea receives a substantially greater penetration of UV light compared to the peripheral regions (5,6). Specifically, the ultraviolet A (UVA) light (320 to 400 nm) represents 95% of incident solar radiation and is absorbed by all layers of the cornea (epithelium, stroma, and endothelium) (6).…”

“…The cornea is in the direct path of ultraviolet (UV) light, and the central cornea receives a substantially greater penetration of UV light compared to the peripheral regions (5,6). Specifically, the ultraviolet A (UVA) light (320 to 400 nm) represents 95% of incident solar radiation and is absorbed by all layers of the cornea (epithelium, stroma, and endothelium) (6). Unlike the shorter wavelength UVB (280 to 320 nm) that directly damages the DNA, UVA causes macromolecular toxicity by photoproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (7,8).…”

Blue light phototoxicity toward human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells in basal and hyperosmolar conditions

“…In our daily life, our eyes are constantly illuminated by various types of artificial and natural sources, mainly ranging from UVA (360 nm) to IRA (1400 nm) and providing with an important blue irradiance. Several studies investigated the impact of near UV and IR light on the ocular surface [24][25][26][27][28] but only several ones analyzed the impact of blue light exposure [2,[29][30][31][32][33]. Given our specialized practice in the clinical management of DED and previous basic studies on ocular surface inflammation and toxicity [34][35][36][37], we hypothesized about a potential harmful influence of blue light on the triggering and evolution of DED.…”

Ultramarathon-Induced Bilateral Corneal Edema: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

“…Hypoxia-induced corneal edema has been shown quantitatively in multiple studies in contact lens wearers [ 15 , 16 ]. In a study investigating how UVA-induced oxidation affects different corneal cells, Zinflou et al found that corneal epithelial cells can adapt more quickly than endothelial cells [ 17 ]. The mechanism through which epithelial cells limit UVA-induced toxicity likely involves enhanced glycolysis to create more ATP.…”