“…However, the absorption coefficient of europium ions at UV range is very small leading to low efficiency of emission under UV excitation. As a consequence, many researchers investigated the effect of silver particles on the emission efficiency of Eu 3+ ions [5,6,23,24]. Malta et al and Hayakawa et al investigated the effect of silver nanoparticles on the luminescence properties of Eu 3+ ions in borofluoride glass and silicate glass, respectively.…”